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DIRK SALZ

DIRK SALZ

DISSOLVING BOUNDARIES

OPENING RECEPTION 
Saturday, September 12th 6 to 9 PM.

SHOW ON VIEW
September 12th. – November  7th., 2026

My work is, all at once, about mutually dependent contradictions and the crossing of boundaries—or, rather, about their eventual dissolution.

There are many examples of this throughout my practice, but I would like to emphasize one in particular: the dissolution of the boundary between the tangible and the ethereal. This is fundamental to my work because it reflects the duality of human perception. Since my practice is deeply concerned with perception itself, this may be one of its most essential aspects.

I chose this title because the idea gains even greater relevance with the emergence of my new body of work, the so-called Multishapes.

Former Director of the Landesmuseum Bonn, Dr. Gabriele Uelsberg, once wrote:

“In his art, Dirk Salz approaches colour painting much like a traditional painter, even though he works with the mindset of a sculptor, completing his paintings as designed volumes. Layer by layer, he develops his pictorial objects from the materiality of various materials including pigments, resins, aluminium and wood. His creations engage in a dialogue with viewers, intensifying their inner infinity, colour and light.”

It was precisely from this understanding that I began to reconsider the question of form.

In both the Deep Dives and Fadings series, I had previously reduced the external form of the work to the “primal” shapes of the square or rectangle, circle, and triangle. Perhaps it was therefore only a matter of time before my persistent desire for a sensually tangible expression of the work led me to recognize form as an element alongside light and color.

In this sense, I began reflecting shape.

DIRK SALZ

As always, my process is driven by epistemological and aesthetic questions. Once again, I entered into a deliberately constructed dialogue between non-color and color. Through the given form and the frequently present reflections, the works resist true monochromaticity and instead appear in constantly shifting gradations.

This ambiguity of visual and sensory perception—the persistent refusal of the work to fully reveal itself—is central to my practice.

As Immanuel Kant stated:

“Even if we could bring this intuition of ours to the highest degree of distinctness we would not thereby come any closer to the constitution of objects in themselves. For in any case we would still completely cognize only our own way of intuiting, i.e., our sensibility, and this always only under the conditions originally depending on the subject, space and time; what the objects may be in themselves would still never be known through the most enlightened cognition of their appearance, which is alone given to us.”

In this context, Multishapes extends my investigation of perception, materiality, light, color, and form. The works do not present themselves as fixed visual objects; rather, they continuously change according to light, position, reflection, and the viewer’s own act of perception.

For more information 
call us at 305.576.1804 or email us at [email protected]

WE MOVED TO THE DESIGN DISTRICT

4100 NE 2nd Avenue – Suite 202
Miami, FL 33137

We are open Tuesday to Friday 10 to 5 PM
Saturdays 10 to 3 pm.

CONSTELLATIONS: CHROMA 2026

Exterior Lucid Design District at Night during Art Miami Week
Exterior Lucid Design District at Night during Art Miami Week

Before Art Miami Week Begins, CHROMA 2026 Is Building More Than an Exhibition

Lucid Art Gallery announces its participating artists while expanding a community-focused vision for contemporary art in Miami’s Design District

Miami, FL…August 11, 2026…Four months before Art Miami Week and Art Basel Miami Beach transform South Florida into one of the world’s leading destinations for contemporary art, Lucid Art Gallery has announced the participating artists for CHROMA 2026, its fifth annual group exhibition. Curated by Graciela Montich, the exhibition opens with a public Opening Reception on Wednesday, December 2, 2026, from 4:00–7:00 p.m., and remains on view through December 16,  Lucid Art Gallery at 10 NE 41st Street in the Miami Design District.

Bringing together 22 national and international artists from the United States and abroad, CHROMA 2026 presents paintings, photographic art, sculpture, mixed media, and functional art while continuing the gallery’s commitment to making contemporary art approachable through conversation, creativity, and community engagement.

Unlike many exhibitions presented during Art Miami Week, CHROMA has evolved into more than an annual art fair. Hosted by Lucid Art Gallery, the exhibition reflects the gallery’s mission of creating meaningful connections between artists, collectors, designers, and the community. Visitors are encouraged not only to experience the artwork, but also to meet the artists, learn about their creative process, and engage in conversations that continue beyond opening night.

Graciela Montich and Payal Tak
Graciela Montich and Payal Tak

Building More Than An Exhibition

For gallery owner Payal Tak and curator Graciela Montich, CHROMA begins long before the public enters the gallery. Artist selection, curatorial planning, logistics, marketing, installation, and audience engagement are developed months in advance. Since opening Lucid Art Gallery in 2021 after a successful career in the technology industry, Tak has combined strategic planning with a passion for supporting artists and creating an accessible environment where creativity can flourish.

“I am excited to bring CHROMA for the fifth year to the Miami Design District,” says Tak. “CHROMA has become a platform for local and international artists to showcase their work during Art Miami Week. I established Lucid Art Gallery with the objective of creating an accessible commercial platform where artists can share their work and where visitors can discover the undiscovered. Every year, our mission continues to grow through the artists we 

welcome and the community we continue to build.”

A Curatorial Vision

Curator Graciela Montich’s vision for CHROMA 2026 introduces the theme CONSTELLATIONS, exploring how independent artistic voices create unexpected relationships when experienced together. Rather than pursuing a single aesthetic, the exhibition celebrates diversity across cultures, mediums, techniques, and perspectives, inviting visitors to discover connections between color, memory, emotion, materiality, and form.

Aparneet Mann, Moroccan Holiday, charcoal and acrylic on canvas, 54”x54”,2025
Aparneet Mann, Moroccan Holiday, charcoal and acrylic on canvas, 54”x54”,2025

Artists In Conversation

CHROMA 2026 continues Lucid Art Gallery’s commitment to presenting a balanced mix of emerging and established artists while fostering dialogue across artistic disciplines. For the first time, photographic art will be presented alongside painting, sculpture, mixed media, and functional art through the work of Dagmara Weinberg, Armando Colls, and Susan Richman, each bringing a distinct artistic perspective to the medium. Weinberg’s contemporary photographic compositions transform botanical subjects and natural forms into richly layered, painterly works that blur the boundaries between photography and fine art, while Colls and Richman further demonstrate photography’s breadth through their own unique visual approaches.

Among this year’s first-time participants is Belgian-born figurative painter Olivier Casse, now based in Miami, whose expressive work adds another international perspective to the exhibition. Returning artist Kevin Fletcher marks his fourth consecutive appearance in CHROMA, reflecting the lasting relationships the gallery continues to build with participating artists.

Participating Artists

Alexandra Arata, Aleya Chakravarty, Anjali Gulati, Aparneet Mann, Armando Colls, Bernard Ouellette, Carina Adur, Dagmara Weinberg, Graciela Montich, Heather Lynn, Julieta Abdon, Kevin Fletcher, Maeba Hinrichsen, Nimi Trehan, Olivier Casse, Payal Tak, Robert Frankel, Samantha Chilvers, Shaili Chaudhary, Susan Richman, Sweta Shah, and Tinu Prakash.

A Platform Artists Return To

Main Exhibition Area Lucid Design District
Main Exhibition Area Lucid Design District

“Coming back to CHROMA is something I look forward to every year, and 2026 marks my fourth in a row with Lucid Art Gallery,” says Kevin Fletcher. “This year I’m bringing work that takes another step forward, and I can’t wait to share it with the collectors, artists, and art lovers who travel from around the world for Art Miami Week.”

Additional artist spotlights, curatorial insights, live demonstrations, and Art Miami Weekprogramming will be announced throughout the months leading up to CHROMA 2026.

About Lucid Art Gallery

Established in 2021 as a studio and exhibition space for founder Payal Tak’s personal artwork, Lucid Art Gallery opened to the public during Art Basel Miami 2022. Located at 10 NE 41st Street in the Miami Design District, adjacent to Museum Garage and across from the Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami, the 3,700-square-foot gallery serves as both an exhibition venue and community gathering space for artists, collectors, designers, and cultural events. Featuring eight curated gallery spaces, an expansive reception area, serving kitchen, outdoor installation wall, and flexible indoor and outdoor event areas, Lucid Art Gallery is committed to creating opportunities for artists while inspiring meaningful engagement with contemporary art.

40th International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami

40th International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami

40th IHTF Miami Celebrates Four Decades of Theater and Cultural Exchange

Teatro Avante marks a milestone edition with nine productions from the United States, Uruguay, Chile, Spain, Argentina and Peru across Miami stages

Tickets: https://ihtf-miami.github.io/IHTF/es/agenda/

MIAMI, FL — The International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami celebrates its 40th edition this September, reaffirming its place as one of the city’s most enduring platforms for Spanish-language and Ibero-American theater. Presented by Teatro Avante, the 2026 festival brings together nine productions from six countries across four Miami-area venues, offering audiences a program that moves between contemporary drama, classical reinterpretation, satire, immersive theater and family programming.

The milestone arrives four decades after a group of Miami theater artists and cultural activists presented the first annual Hispanic theater festival in 1986. By 1989, the event had expanded internationally, welcoming companies from Spain, Colombia, Puerto Rico and Costa Rica and beginning the international exchange that would become central to its identity.

Behind that history is Teatro Avante, the nonprofit cultural organization founded in 1979 with the preservation and promotion of Hispanic cultural heritage at the center of its mission. Over the decades, the company has represented the United States throughout Latin America, Europe and beyond, while staging works by playwrights ranging from Federico García Lorca, Virgilio Piñera and Ramón María del Valle-Inclán to Edward Albee, George Orwell and William Shakespeare. Its contributions to Hispanic theater have been recognized with honors in the United States, Spain, Bolivia and Peru, among other countries.

The 40th festival opened with Teatro Avante’s Carrusel, presented September 3–6 at the Westchester Cultural Arts Center. The program continues September 10 with Zombi Manifiesto from Uruguay, a work in which the disappearance of a military officer’s corpse following a clandestine exhumation opens a confrontation with memory, violence and justice. Performances take place September 10–12 at the Westchester Cultural Arts Center.

From Chile, Historia de un jabalí (o algo de Ricardo III), presented September 11–13, places actors in confrontation with Shakespeare’s Richard III and uses the theatrical process to examine ambition, power and the desire for recognition. Spain joins the festival with A fuego, also September 11–13 at the Koubek Center, a production built around satire, wordplay and metatheater that turns its attention toward contemporary narcissism.

The second half of the festival expands the range of theatrical forms. Odd Man Out, from PITCHBLACK Immersive Experiences in the United States, is presented September 17–19 at the Westchester Cultural Arts Center. Performed in complete darkness, the production asks audiences to experience theater through sound, smell, taste and touch rather than sight.

Argentina is represented by two productions. Sueño, running September 17–19 at the Koubek Center, brings together performers rehearsing in a forest where magical figures interfere with their emotions, creating a theatrical world of humor, music and poetry. Pundonor, presented September 18–20 at the Adrienne Arsht Center, follows sociology professor Claudia Pérez Espinosa as an attempted lecture on Michel Foucault becomes entangled with her own vulnerability and a larger examination of power, institutional structures and personal redemption.

The festival also dedicates part of its programming to younger audiences. Las asombrosas aventuras de Robinson Crusoe, created by Víctor Hugo Cortés and directed by Luciano Cortes, will be presented September 19 at the Key Biscayne Community Center and September 20 at the Koubek Center as part of the festival’s International Children’s Day activities. The Koubek presentation is accompanied by an afternoon of workshops, games and family activities with free admission.

Closing the theatrical program is one of the edition’s most distinctive interpretations of a canonical text. Hamlet, from Peru’s Teatro La Plaza, runs September 24–26 at the Adrienne Arsht Center. Adapted and directed by Chela De Ferrari, the production brings together Shakespeare’s tragedy and the lived experiences of actors with Down syndrome. The famous question “To be or not to be?” becomes an inquiry into visibility, inclusion and what it means to exist within a society that does not always create space for everyone to be recognized.

Forty Years and the Legacy of Mario Ernesto Sánchez

This anniversary carries particular emotional significance following the death of Mario Ernesto Sánchez (1947–2025), founder, artistic director and producer whose life became inseparable from the development of both Teatro Avante and the International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami.

As part of the 40th edition, the festival will honor Sánchez posthumously with its Lifetime Dedication to the Performing Arts Award, recognizing a career devoted to creating a lasting place for Hispanic theater in the United States and strengthening cultural exchange between Miami and the broader Ibero-American world.

Sánchez understood theater not simply as entertainment but as a form of cultural continuity. Under his leadership, Teatro Avante traveled internationally, brought artists and companies from multiple countries to Miami, and helped establish the festival as a meeting point where different accents, histories, theatrical traditions and political realities could occupy the same stage.

Four decades later, that idea remains central.

The significance of the International Hispanic Theatre Festival lies not only in the number of productions it has presented or the countries it has connected. Its history reflects Miami itself: a city shaped by migration, language, memory and the constant negotiation between cultures. Each visiting company introduces another way of understanding the Spanish-speaking and Ibero-American worlds, while the theater becomes a place where those differences can coexist rather than disappear.

The 40th edition therefore functions as both celebration and continuation. From Shakespeare reconsidered through contemporary bodies to political memory in Uruguay, immersive experimentation in the United States, theatrical satire from Spain and new approaches to power and identity from Argentina and Chile, the program demonstrates that Hispanic theater is not a single tradition but a continually evolving field of voices and forms.

After forty years, Teatro Avante’s International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami remains what its history has gradually constructed: a stage where theater becomes an encounter between countries, generations, memories and ways of seeing the world.

40th International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami

40th International Hispanic Theatre Festival of Miami — 2026 Schedule

  • Carrusel — United States / Teatro Avante
    September 3–6 — Westchester Centro de Artes Culturales 7930 SW 40th St. Miami, Florida 33155 305) 949-6722
    (305) 967-9191
  • Zombi Manifiesto — Uruguay 2705 SW 3rd St, Miami, FL 33135 (305) 237-7749
    September 10–12 — Westchester Cultural Arts Center 7930 SW 40th St. Miami, Florida 33155 305) 949-6722
    (305) 967-9191
  • Historia de un jabalí (o algo de Ricardo III) — Chile
    September 11–13 — Adrienne Arsht Center 1300 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132 (305) 949-6722
  • A fuego — Spain
    September 11–13 — Koubek Center 2705 SW 3rd St, Miami, FL 33135 (305) 237-7749
  • Odd Man Out — United States
    September 17–19 — Westchester Cultural Arts Center 7930 SW 40th St. Miami, Florida 33155 305) 949-6722
  • Sueño — Argentina
    September 17–19 — Koubek Center 2705 SW 3rd St, Miami, FL 33135 (305) 237-7749
  • Pundonor — Argentina
    September 18–20 — Adrienne Arsht Center 1300 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132 (305) 949-6722
  • Las asombrosas aventuras de Robinson Crusoe — United States
    September 19 — Key Biscayne Community Center 10 Village Green Way, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 (305) 365-8900
    September 20 — Koubek Center 2705 SW 3rd St, Miami, FL 33135 (305) 237-7749
  • Hamlet — Peru / Teatro La Plaza
    September 24–26 — Adrienne Arsht Center 1300 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132 (305) 949-6722

The festival also includes educational forums connected to selected productions, extending the experience beyond performance and encouraging discussion between artists, specialists and audiences.

Programa de mano: https://artmiamimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IHTF_Miami_2026.pdf

We Are Miami: ICA Miami Family Fest 2026

We Are Miami-: CA Miami Family Fest 2026
Photo credit: ICA Miami

The Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami’s (ICA Miami) annual Family Fest returns on Sunday, October 25 with this year’s theme, “We Are Miami” – a celebration of the neighborhoods, artists and cultural traditions that make Miami unique (

This year’s Family Fest celebrates “We Are Miami,” bringing families together for a day inspired by the people, places, and creative energy that define our city. Through art, music, performance, and hands-on experiences, families will discover the stories and cultural traditions of Miami’s distinctive communities – from Little Haiti and Little Havana to Miami Beach, Wynwood, and the Design District.

Throughout the day, ICA Miami comes alive with opportunities to make, explore, move, and create together, celebrating Miami as a city shaped by many histories, perspectives, and forms of creative expression.

Tickets are $50 for adults, $15 for kids ages 3–17 and free for children under 3, with proceeds supporting ICA Miami’s free weekend youth programming (link to purchase tix here).

We Are Miami: ICA Miami Family Fest 2026
Photo credit: ICA Miami

What to expect:

  • Neighborhood Art Expeditions: Explore the neighborhoods of Miami through murals created by local artists inspired by the layered histories, architecture, art, and design of Little Haiti, Little Havana, Miami Beach, Wynwood, and Miami Design District.
  • Hands-On Art Making: Create something of your own at artist-led activity stations designed for kids and grown-ups to experience together.
  • Live Performances: Experience a lively, interactive 40-minute performance by Miami’s own Fantasy Theatre, bringing music, movement, and storytelling into the museum.

Your ticket purchase directly supports ICA Miami’s free weekend programming for youth, helping make meaningful arts experiences accessible to young people throughout our community.

Interested in sponsoring Family Fest? Email [email protected] to learn how your support can help bring a day of art, discovery, and connection to families across Miami.

We Are Miami-: CA Miami Family Fest 2026
Photo credit: ICA Miami

Ticket Pricing

  • Adults: $50
  • Kids: $15
  • Children under 3: Free

Location

ICA Miami West
23 NE 41st St, Miami, FL 33137

We Are Miami-: CA Miami Family Fest 2026
Photo credit: ICA Miami

Daniel Fiorda

Daniel Fiorda
Daniel Fiorda

Daniel Fiorda: Archaeology of Memory, Matter, and Transformation

Daniel Fiorda’s sculptural practice explores material, memory, transformation, and the cultural traces left by contemporary life. Working with industrial remnants, discarded objects, concrete, and other materials marked by use, he approaches sculpture as a form of archaeology—an attempt to understand the present through what society builds, consumes, abandons, and preserves.

Objects that have lost their original function are given a new presence, becoming carriers of memory, obsolescence, labor, and technological change. His relationship with materials is also deeply personal, shaped by the influence of his father, a craftsman, musician, and poet who taught him technical discipline and sensitivity toward the physical world.

Fiorda’s work also looks toward the future. Concrete, machinery, and discarded technologies become possible evidence of our civilization, fragments that may one day be interpreted as we interpret ancient ruins today. At core, his practice asks what survives when utility disappears and memory remains in matter. In this conversation with Art Miami Magazine, Fiorda reflects on material, inherited knowledge, technological change, future archaeology, impermanence, and art’s capacity to transform what society leaves behind into new meaning.

Daniel Fiorda

AMM. A significant part of your practice incorporates industrial materials, discarded objects, and, more recently, concrete. What do you find in concrete that you do not find in other materials? Are you interested in it only because of its weight and physical resistance, or also because of what it symbolizes as a material associated with the city, construction, permanence, and, eventually, ruin?

DF. My interest in concrete goes beyond its physical qualities ,Of course, those characteristics are important to me, but I am equally interested in what concrete represents culturally and historically.

Concrete is one of the fundamental materials of the modern city. It surrounds us in architecture, infrastructure, highways, monuments, and the spaces we inhabit every day. In that sense, it carries the idea of construction, progress, and permanence. But at the same time, concrete can crack, deteriorate, become abandoned, and eventually turn into ruin.

every civilization leaves evidence of its existence through what it builds. The Maya, Aztecs, Romans, Egyptians, and others left cities, temples, monuments, and ruins. If someone thousands of years from now discovered our civilization, what would they find? Perhaps concrete.

Daniel Fiorda

AMM. Your father was a craftsman, musician, and poet, and he also passed on to you his knowledge of tools and machinery. What remains of your father today in the way you think about and produce your work? Do you feel that you inherited from him only technical knowledge, or also a particular poetic sensitivity toward materials and the world?

DF. Yes, my father has had a very strong influence on me as a visual artist.

He always taught me to pay attention to the smallest details. He would say that when you weld something, you should do it right the first time—and do it well. I think this was one of the greatest artistic legacies he left me: the understanding that working with a material is not only about technique, but also about developing a relationship with it.

And within that relationship, I also inherited something deeper from him—a poetic sensitivity toward materials, objects, and the world around me. It is something that goes beyond technique. It is about learning to see, to feel, and to discover a certain poetry in the things we touch and transform. I believe that sensitivity has remained with me throughout my work.

Daniel Fiorda

AMM. You transform industrial remnants and objects that have seemingly lost their usefulness into sculptures with a new presence. Philosophically, what does it mean to you to rescue something that society has considered waste? Can the artistic act restore dignity, memory, or even a new identity to what we have abandoned?

DF. Nothing dies. Everything changes.

For the last five years, I have been working with objects that have been discarded, forgotten, or left behind—objects that once had a place in our everyday lives. I am interested in that transition: from the analog world to the digital age, from the objects we once touched and used every day to the iPads, cell phones, and technologies that now define our present.

In my work, I create a feeling of time being frozen—a moment suspended between what was and what is yet to come. I want the viewer to enter that moment and bring their own memories into it. And sometimes, almost like a flashback, something unexpected appears: a different identity, a new meaning, something that perhaps was never seen before.

For me, that is where the work begins to live—not only in the object itself, but in the memory and imagination of peoples looking at it.

Daniel Fiorda

AMM. Your work has been interpreted as a kind of archaeology of post-industrial society. If an archaeologist from the future were to discover your sculptures several centuries from now, what do you think they might reveal about our civilization, our relationship with consumption, technology, and nature?

DF. Maybe I am, in a way, a rescuer—or an archaeologist of the future. I like to imagine myself looking back at our civilization from the future, discovering the remains of our time and trying to understand what we left behind.

There is something fascinating to me about the tragedy in the name of speed. We are constantly moving forward, replacing things before we have even had the time to understand them. Objects, technologies, ideas, and even memories become obsolete so quickly.

Our civilization is our culture. Everything we create, use, discard, and leave behind becomes part of the record of who we were.

— my sculptures are in some way , fragments of our time that may one day become a source of study for the future, a kind of futuristic archaeology.

Daniel Fiorda

AMM. In your sculptures, there is a constant tension between destruction and construction, past and present, order and chaos. Do you see artistic creation as a way of organizing chaos, or do you believe that art should allow us to coexist with uncertainty, contradiction, and that which we may never fully understand?

DF. Art creation is the struggle of all times.

Art becomes possible when the artist is willing to dig into the storage of mystic experience, into those places where memories, emotions, (and some times ), unavoidable pain are kept.

But I see it more through the Buddhist idea of appearance and disappearance—the understanding that everything comes into being, exists for a moment, and eventually changes or disappears.

I think art allows us to coexist with everything that life throws at us. It gives us a way to face it, transform it, and perhaps find meaning in it. the spark of art making!!!

For Inquiries:
Stanek Gallery Miam
Stanekgallery.com
8375 NE 2nd Ave.
Miami, FL 33138
(305) 713-9454​
[email protected]

In Need of Temperance & Social Proof of Care

AMY ARECHAVALETA
Mabelin Castellanos. Doctor’s Appointment, 2024. Quilted thread painting; cotton and rayon thread on muslin. 12 x 12 in.

THE CAMP GALLERY

791-793 NE 125 ST., Miami, FL 33161

EXHIBITION DATES
September 4 – October 3 , 2026

OPENING RECEPTION

September 4th, 2026 6-9 pm

NORTH MIAMI, FL — Aug. 26, 2026. The Contemporary Art Modern Project is thrilled to announce the opening of two concurrent exhibitions this September: In Need of Temperance, a group exhibition featuring Amanda Kate Walker, Katie Davis, and Miami’s Monica Czukerberg, and Social Proof of Care, a duo exhibition featuring Amy Putman and Miami’s Mabelin Castellanos.

Through their exploration across varied mediums, the artists in both exhibitions come together to encourage our collective reflection on how intentionality shows up in the actions of our daily lives.

Showcased in gallery Space 793, In Need of Temperance is a visual journey that leads us from a state of overindulgence to accountability. Through the works in this exhibition, we are exposed to depictions of ungrounded realities which are quickly countered by the presence of its alternative: balance through self-reflection.

Amanda Kate Walker
Amanda Kate Walker. Family Dinner, 2026. Acrylic paint stitched and collaged on raw stretched canvas. 45 x 40 in.

Using varied mediums, the artists show the effects of imbalance: the imbalance of wealth, the imbalance of greed over generosity, the imbalance of excess over the absence of having. While the works remain dutiful depictions of goals and ideals of what is considered a good life, they also question why all cannot have the same good life. The works do not call for an absolute notion of equality, but for temperance.

Across the room in gallery space 791, Social Proof of Care presents us with a call to action for mutual care in a time of glorified independence. In an age of shrinking third spaces and performative digital connection, we have mistaken visibility for genuine relationship, allowing the instinct of social proof to dictate our actions and deepen our isolation.

Through the materiality and historical context of textiles, both Putman and Castellanos remind us of the different ways we can show up for one another in community. Waking us up to the truth that, despite the chaos, we can find refuge from loneliness and uncertainty by re-learning to rely on one another.

Together, these exhibitions hold a mirror to our human behavior, reflecting back a version of society that rarely pauses to consider what we are taking versus what we are giving, and asking us to recalibrate intentionally.

While one side urges us to look and take accountability for our overindulgence, the other provides us with the knowledge that showing up for one another remains the truest form of connection, even when it takes great effort and comes without validation.

Exhibition Programming:

Collage Workshop with Amy Putman. Sept. 5 th, 2026 12-2pm.

Textile-Collage Workshop with Monica Czukerberg. Sept. 26 th,2026 12-2pm.

FOR MORE INFORMATION:
AMY ARECHAVALETA
PUBLIC RELATIONS
[email protected]

NEW WORLD SCHOOL OF THE ARTS

NEW WORLD SCHOOL OF THE ARTS
NEW WORLD SCHOOL OF THE ARTS

MAGNET SCHOOLS OF AMERICA

NAMES NEW WORLD SCHOOL OF THE ARTS

NATIONALLY CERTIFIED DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL

Miami – The New World School of the Arts high school program is among the 37 high schools nationwide to be named 2026 Nationally Certified Demonstration School by Magnet Schools of America (MSA), the leading organization for magnet and theme-based educational institutions. This recognition indicates that NWSA has not only achieved but surpassed the highest standards in public education, positioning itself as a national exemplar for other schools. As a result, educators nationwide will have the opportunity to observe and adopt NWSA’s innovative educational practices.

“Receiving Nationally Certified Demonstration status from Magnet Schools of America during our 40th anniversary year is a proud moment that highlights the enduring legacy of New World School of the Arts. This achievement reflects the tireless leadership of Ms. Cardona-Haris, the guidance of Ms. Kerr, and the vibrant contributions of our entire school community,” commented Dr. Contessa S. Bryant, New World School of the Arts High School Principal.

To receive the Nationally Certified Demonstration School designation through 2030, New World School of the Arts successfully underwent a rigorous vetting process proving mastery of MSA’s five-point criteria: innovative curriculum, academic excellence, high-quality instructional system, access from different backgrounds, and family and community engagement.
 
“New World School of the Arts continues to set an extraordinary standard for excellence in arts education, and this national recognition is a tremendous source of pride for all of us at Miami Dade College,” said Madeline Pumariega, President of Miami Dade College. “As an integral part of our college, NWSA reflects the talent, creativity and dedication that define our institution, and this certification affirms its unique role within our institution in preparing the next generation of artists and creative leaders.”
 
MSA has also recognized NWSA for its conservatory-style curriculum and its collaborative educational model that includes partnerships with Miami-Dade County Public Schools, Miami Dade College, and University of Florida, considering it one of the most effectively structured instructional systems nationwide. In past years, NWSA has also received honors designations as Magnet School of Excellence, National Demonstration School, and National School of Excellence, highlighting its exceptional educational standards and practices.

Dr. Jeffrey Hodgson, Provost and CEO of New World School of the Arts, remarked on the institution’s artistic excellence, highlighting the recent recognition from Magnet Schools of America as a testament to the exceptional efforts of the faculty and the robust conservatory-based curriculum. He also emphasized the benefits students receive from the unique educational partnership which provides them with outstanding academic education alongside premier arts training. “Every day, our faculty, who are also college professors and accomplished professionals in their fields, challenge and inspire students to develop both their artistic mastery and their individual creative voice. The achievements of NWSA alumni demonstrate what is possible when talent is matched with opportunity, mentorship, and outstanding training.”

A Florida center of excellence in the visual and performing arts, New World School of the Arts is an educational partnership of Miami-Dade County Public Schools, Miami Dade College, and University of Florida created in 1987 by the Florida Legislature. NWSA provides a comprehensive program of artistic, creative, and academic development through a curriculum that reflects our community and the rich multicultural state of Florida. Through our partners NWSA confers the high school diploma, Associate of Arts degree, and Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Music degrees in programs accredited by the National Association of Schools of Dance, Music, Theater and Art & Design. New World School of the Arts’ rigorous eight-year curriculum and conservatory-style teaching has empowered students in our community and our nation to become leaders in the arts for 40 years.
 
Providing access is one of New World School of the Arts most important missions. Blind to academic standing at the onset, NWSA’s acceptance policy is based solely on artistic talent. This allows students from all backgrounds, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to compete for their spot in the school’s coveted arts programs based on their individual talent. Once accepted, students are expected to achieve both academically and artistically. Earning respected national merit and leadership-based scholarships such as the Gates Scholarship, Posse Foundation Scholars, and Presidential Scholars in the Arts, NWSA students have demonstrated over the years that a rigorous arts curriculum not only helps foster their passion and create the next generation or artists, but it also helps students engage and achieve excellence in any academic discipline.
 
New World School of the Arts has educated, trained, and cultivated a generation of artists who have become the artistic leaders of the future. Graduates from the high school and college programs of NWSA are award-winning artists, playwrights and performers with Academy, Emmy, Tony, Grammy, and Bessie Awards. They are influential painters, sculptors and graphic designers, and their work thrives in museums and galleries, as well as on stages and concert halls around the globe. Our alumni are a source of inspiration to young artists from all walks of life in our community and in our state, and their success is a testament of the possibilities that emerge when the right blend of support and resources are engaged.
 
More about the NWSA high school program: 305-237-3780 or www.nwsa.mdc.edu.

Photo by Maria Flores. Courtesy of New World School of the Arts.

New World School of the Arts
25 NE 2nd Street
Miami, FL, 33132

MASTERS OF THE MUSEUM: FROM MYTH TO MOTION

Nader Museum

NADER MUSEUM PRESENTS

Latin American Artists Who Changed the Language of Art: Paintings · Sculptures · Drawings

Opening Reception · September 24, 2026 · 7:00 PM

A New Thematic Reading of the Collection

Nader Museum is pleased to announce Masters of the Museum: From Myth to Motion, with an opening reception on Thursday, September 24, 2026, at 7:00 PM.

Drawn from the Museum’s collection, the exhibition brings together a defining group of Latin American artists whose work expanded the possibilities of modern and contemporary art across the region and beyond.

Rather than presenting Latin American art as a single movement or shared aesthetic, the exhibition traces a progression of ideas: from history, cultural memory, and myth to geometry, material, psychological space, color, and movement.

Featured artists include:

Fernando Botero · Carlos Cruz-Diez · Fernando de Szyszlo · Oswaldo Guayasamín · Guillermo Kuitca · Wifredo Lam · Roberto Matta · Amelia Peláez · Emilio Pettoruti · Diego Rivera · Jesús Rafael Soto · Rufino Tamayo · Joaquín Torres-García · Oswaldo Vigas

A Journey from Myth to Motion

Distinct Latin American voices. One evolving conversation.

01. Cultural Memory and Modern Identity

Diego Rivera and Rufino Tamayo transformed cultural heritage and Mexican identity into distinctly modern visual languages. Amelia Peláez fused Cuba’s colonial interiors and tropical forms with avant-garde structure; Oswaldo Vigas joined pre-Columbian and African-rooted imagery to modernist experimentation; and Oswaldo Guayasamín gave monumental emotional force to the pain, dignity, and resilience of Latin America.

02. Myth, Ritual and the Unconscious

Wifredo Lam and Roberto Matta expanded the possibilities of surrealism through spirituality, displacement, and visionary worlds rooted in the Americas. Fernando de Szyszlo brought lyrical abstraction into dialogue with Peru’s pre-Hispanic universe, transforming ritual memory into a modern language of light, shadow, and form.

03. Body, Scale and Psychological Geography

Fernando Botero transformed volume into a language of perception, while Guillermo Kuitca turned maps, theaters, and domestic spaces into territories of memory, displacement, and the mind.

04. Geometry and Constructive Order

Emilio Pettoruti brought Cubist and Futurist structure into the emergence of Argentine modernism, using geometry, light, and rhythm to challenge convention. Joaquín Torres-García developed Universal Constructivism, joining the modern grid to a symbolic vocabulary conceived from the cultural perspective of the South.

05. Color, Movement and Perception

Carlos Cruz-Diez and Jesús Rafael Soto moved art beyond the static image, making color, movement, and the viewer’s physical presence essential to the work itself. Their work completes the exhibition’s journey from inherited symbols and interior worlds to an art activated in real time by perception.

“These artists did more than develop instantly recognizable styles; each expanded the possibilities of art. Together, their work reveals Latin American art as a history of continuous invention—one that has profoundly shaped the global visual language.”

Gary Nader · Founder, Nader Museum

A Renewed Encounter with the Collection

An Evolving Conversation About Identity, Imagination and Perception

Presented during National Hispanic Heritage Month, Masters of the Museum invites visitors to experience these works not as isolated icons, but as part of an evolving conversation.

The exhibition offers a renewed opportunity to encounter some of the most influential artistic voices of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries through the depth of the Gary Nader collection.

Exhibition Details

Nader Museum presents
Masters of the Museum: From Myth to Motion

Opening Reception: Thursday, September 24, 2026 · 7:00 PM
Address: 62 NE 27th Street, Miami, FL 33137
RSVP: [email protected]
Website: www.garynader.com

An Unobscured Past: Afro-Cuban Art, Memory, and Legacy at the Lowe Art Museum

Installation photo 08 - El Pasado Mio - Lowe Art Museum( Courtesy of the Lowe Art Museum at University of Miami)
Installation view of El Pasado Mío/My Own Past at the Lowe Art Museum, where works by Afrodescendant Cuban artists across generations are brought into dialogue with questions of memory, visibility, and cultural inheritance. Courtesy of the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami.

Written By Olga Garcia-Mayoral

At the Lowe Art Museum, two exhibitions—El Pasado Mío/My Own Past and Afrocubanismo: Highlights from the Ramón and Nercys Cernuda Collection—create a powerful dialogue on Afro-Cuban art, Cuban modernism, diaspora, and cultural inheritance. The presentations share histories, but each approaches Afro-Cuban visual culture from a distinct perspective.

El Pasado Mío/My Own Past offers the broader historical arc, bringing together forty-three Afro-Cuban artists active from the nineteenth century to the present. Afrocubanismo, drawn from the Ramón and Nercys Cernuda Collection, focuses more specifically on twentieth-century Cuban modernism and the ways Afro-Cuban culture, ritual, music, and spirituality entered the language of national art. Together, they expand the story of Cuban art while asking viewers to consider who has been represented, who has been overlooked, and how cultural memory is preserved.

For Miami audiences, the pairing carries particular weight. This is a city shaped by Cuban exile, Caribbean migration, memory, and reinvention. To encounter these exhibitions here is to enter a layered conversation about ancestry, race, spirituality, labor, modernism, and identity formation across generations. It is a powerful museum experience and a true reference point for Afro-Cubanismo, Afro-Cuban heritage, and the wider diaspora.

Installation photo 11 - Afrocubanismo - Lowe Art Museum (Courtesy of the Lowe Art Museum at University of Miami)
Installation view of Afrocubanismo: Highlights from the Ramón and Nercys Cernuda Collection, guest curated by Alejandro de la Fuente, examining the role of Afro-Cuban culture and spirituality in twentieth-century Cuban modernism. Courtesy of the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami.

El Pasado Mío/My Own Past: A Wider Field of Afro-Cuban Art

The heart of El Pasado Mío/My Own Past is recovery. The exhibition celebrates artists whose contributions have shaped Cuban art history but have not always received the critical recognition they deserve. Some names are internationally known, while others remain underrepresented in mainstream narratives. By placing them together, the exhibition challenges the exclusions that have shaped both Cuban art history and the broader canon of modern and contemporary art.

El Pasado Mío/My Own Past was originally exhibited at Harvard University and has been reimagined for the Lowe Art Museum by guest curator Dr. Alejandro de la Fuente, Director of Harvard’s Afro-Latin American Research Institute. For the Lowe’s presentation, the exhibition has been expanded to include 30 additional works from Miami collections, deepening its local resonance and placing Afro-Cuban artistic production in direct conversation with the city’s own histories of migration, collecting, memory, and cultural inheritance.

Its strength lies in breadth. Rather than presenting Afro-Cuban art as a singular category, the show reveals a wide range of visual languages: abstraction, figuration, printmaking, painting, sculpture, photography, conceptual gestures, spiritual symbolism, and historical testimony. The works resist any simplified definition of a “black” style or theme. Instead, they insist on multiplicity.

One of the exhibition’s most important gestures is its attention to women artists. A group of eleven female artists is presented together in this context, expanding the field of vision and correcting absences that have long shaped art historical memory. Their inclusion is not simply additive; it changes how the story can be told.

The exhibition also opens a path toward deeper cultural lineages. African-derived spiritual traditions, ceremonial objects, music, masks, and ritual practices provide a foundation for understanding some of the symbols and visual systems that appear throughout the galleries. Yoruba and Ekpe references, Abakuá cosmologies, and Santería-inflected imagery appear not as decorative motifs, but as intellectual and spiritual frameworks. They carry histories of survival, adaptation, and continuity across the violence of slavery and colonization.

That complexity is essential. Afro-Cuban art is not a side chapter of Cuban art. It is foundational to it. El Pasado Mío/My Own Past makes this argument visually, allowing viewers to see how Afrodescendant artists shaped the language of Cuban modernism and contemporary practice, even when historical narratives pushed them to the margins.

Artists such as Belkis Ayón become especially important within this framework. Her engagement with Abakuá mythology carries a profound intensity, particularly because she entered a visual territory associated with a male secret society and transformed it through her own artistic language. Her work does not merely illustrate myth; it reimagines it through silence, absence, confrontation, and monumental presence.

Throughout the exhibition, the works ask viewers to look again—to question how historical narratives are built, who is remembered, and what forms of knowledge have been overlooked. The exhibition encourages an internal dialogue rather than passive admiration. It is less about closing a gap than about changing the lens through which Cuban art is understood.

Wifredo Lam, Mujer con Pelo Largo
Wifredo Lam, Mujer con Pelo Largo (Woman with Long Hair), 1938, mixed media on heavy paper laid down on canvas. Lam’s hybrid visual language becomes central to the exhibition’s exploration of Afro-Cuban spirituality, modernism, and cultural memory. Courtesy of the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami.

Afrocubanismo: Modernism, Representation, and the Cernuda Collection

The companion exhibition, Afrocubanismo: Highlights from the Ramón and Nercys Cernuda Collection, narrows the lens. Also guest curated by Dr. Alejandro de la Fuente, Director of Harvard’s Afro-Latin American Research Institute, it draws from one of Miami’s most important private collections of Cuban art to examine how Afro-Cuban imagery, spirituality, music, and ritual shaped twentieth-century Cuban modernism.

Afrocubanismo was not a simple celebration. It was a complex artistic and cultural movement in which artists turned toward Afro-Cuban religion, music, dance, ritual, and popular culture as sources of renewal. The exhibition makes room for both the beauty and the contradictions of that moment. It shows how Afro-Cuban culture became central to Cuban modern art while also raising questions about authorship, representation, and national identity.

Wifredo Lam’s presence is crucial. Lam’s visual vocabulary—hybrid, symbolic, modernist, and deeply connected to Afro-Cuban spiritual and cultural references—bridges ancestral consciousness and modernist experimentation. His figures often feel assembled from multiple inheritances: African, European, Caribbean, Indigenous, and surrealist. In this context, Lam becomes less an isolated genius than part of a broader field of cultural exchange and reinterpretation.

Where El Pasado Mío/My Own Past foregrounds Afro-Cuban artists across generations, Afrocubanismo examines how Afro-Cuban culture circulated through the visual language of Cuban modernism. The distinction matters. One exhibition centers artists and their lived production; the other studies a movement and its influence. Placed together, they allow viewers to understand both presence and representation, both heritage and interpretation.

Belkis Ayón Manso Desobediencia (Disobedience) 1988 8 collagraphs set 3 of 4 101 x 78 inches
Belkis Ayón Manso, Desobediencia (Disobedience), 1988, eight collagraphs, set 3 of 4. Ayón’s monumental print practice reimagines Afro-Cuban spiritual narratives through silence, power, and commanding presence. Courtesy of the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami.

Why the Pairing Matters

The strength of the Lowe’s presentation is that the two exhibitions sharpen each other without collapsing into one narrative. El Pasado Mío/My Own Past expands visibility around Afro-Cuban artists themselves, while Afrocubanismo considers the broader cultural movement that brought Afro-Cuban themes into modern Cuban art. One restores breadth; the other offers focus.

This pairing is especially meaningful in Miami, where Cuban identity is often discussed through exile and diaspora, but less frequently through the full complexity of race, African heritage, spiritual syncretism, and Afrodescendant artistic production. These exhibitions insist that Cuban culture cannot be understood as monolithic. It has always been shaped by African, Indigenous, European, Caribbean, and diasporic histories, as well as by the lived realities of race and class.

The experience is powerful because it does not flatten history into celebration alone. It honors artistic achievement while acknowledging omission, appropriation, recovery, and the responsibilities of museums, collections, and scholarship. Paint, paper, sculpture, print, and object become carriers of cultural memory—archives of gesture, belief, resistance, and survival.

Together, El Pasado Mío/My Own Past and Afrocubanismo create one of the most significant museum experiences in Miami this season. They are intellectually rigorous, visually compelling, and emotionally resonant. At the Lowe, the past is not presented as something finished. It is active, layered, and still speaking.

These exhibitions ask us to listen more carefully—and to understand Afro-Cuban art not as a footnote, but as a central force in the story of Cuban art, Caribbean modernism, and the cultural imagination of the Americas.

El Pasado Mío/My Own Past and Afrocubanismo: Highlights from the Ramón and Nercys Cernuda Collection are on view at the Lowe Art Museum through September 12, 2026.

Fundamentos del diseño tridimensional en 2027

Fundamentos del diseño tridimensional

Fundamentos del diseño tridimensional: forma, espacio, estructura y nuevas tecnologías

Del pensamiento escultórico al diseño digital, inmersivo y generativo

El diseño tridimensional comienza mucho antes de que exista un objeto.

Puede comenzar con una línea, una superficie, una intuición espacial, una relación entre llenos y vacíos o simplemente con la pregunta de cómo una forma podría ocupar, transformar o activar el espacio. Diseñar en tres dimensiones significa pensar simultáneamente en forma, volumen, posición, dirección, estructura, materia, escala y experiencia espacial.

Por eso resulta demasiado limitado definir el diseño tridimensional simplemente como una “técnica para construir objetos con altura, anchura y profundidad”. Es, más precisamente, un proceso de organización espacial mediante el cual se conciben y desarrollan formas capaces de existir física o virtualmente y de ser percibidas desde múltiples posiciones.

Wucius Wong convirtió esta problemática en uno de los sistemas pedagógicos más influyentes del diseño moderno. Su libro Principles of Three-Dimensional Design, publicado originalmente en 1977 y posteriormente incorporado a Principles of Form and Design, estudia planos seriados, estructuras de pared, prismas, cilindros, repetición, estructuras poliédricas, planos triangulares, estructuras lineales y líneas interconectadas. La finalidad, según la descripción bibliográfica original, era ayudar al estudiante a pensar escultóricamente mediante el estudio sistemático de líneas, planos y construcciones geométricas.

La edición española, Fundamentos del diseño, publicada por Gustavo Gili en 1995, reunió en un solo volumen sus investigaciones sobre diseño bidimensional, forma bidimensional y diseño tridimensional.

Más de cuatro décadas después de los primeros textos de Wong, estos principios continúan siendo relevantes. Lo que ha cambiado radicalmente son las herramientas con las que podemos explorarlos.

Hoy una forma puede nacer en cartón o madera, pero también dentro de un software CAD, un sistema paramétrico, una simulación, un entorno de realidad virtual o un proceso de fabricación aditiva.

El fundamento sigue siendo el mismo: comprender el espacio antes de intentar dominarlo.

¿Qué es el diseño tridimensional?

Una forma tridimensional posee relaciones mensurables en tres ejes espaciales: anchura, altura y profundidad. Pero esas dimensiones, por sí solas, no constituyen diseño.

Diseñar significa establecer relaciones intencionales entre las partes.

Un objeto puede ser tridimensional sin haber sido diseñado; una piedra posee volumen, por ejemplo. El diseño aparece cuando existe una decisión acerca de su configuración, función, estructura, organización o significado.

La investigación contemporánea sobre educación del diseño también insiste en esta diferencia. Hsieh, Chen y Chen señalan que la enseñanza fundamental del diseño no consiste simplemente en producir formas arbitrarias, sino en desarrollar formas capaces de comunicar la intención de quien diseña.

Por ello, el diseño tridimensional puede aplicarse a numerosos territorios:

arquitectura, escultura, diseño industrial, mobiliario, joyería, instalaciones, escenografía, exhibiciones, espacios interiores, diseño de productos, ambientes digitales, videojuegos, realidad virtual y fabricación computacional.

Lo tridimensional tampoco necesita materializarse inmediatamente. Un modelo digital puede poseer relaciones espaciales tridimensionales aunque todavía no haya sido fabricado.

Esta distinción es especialmente importante en el siglo XXI: diseñar en tres dimensiones y fabricar en tres dimensiones son procesos relacionados, pero no equivalentes.

Del diseño bidimensional al tridimensional

En términos básicos, una composición bidimensional se desarrolla sobre dos dimensiones principales. El diseño tridimensional introduce profundidad física o espacial.

Pero el salto del 2D al 3D no consiste simplemente en añadir una tercera coordenada.

Implica cambiar la manera de pensar.

En una imagen bidimensional podemos controlar lo que el espectador observará dentro de un marco relativamente estable. Una forma tridimensional, en cambio, puede ser rodeada, atravesada, contemplada desde arriba o desde abajo y percibida de maneras diferentes según la distancia, la iluminación y el movimiento del cuerpo.

Por eso la investigación sobre capacidad espacial resulta relevante para el diseño. Revisiones académicas muestran que el razonamiento espacial no es una habilidad única, sino un conjunto complejo de capacidades relacionadas con la visualización, transformación y comprensión de relaciones espaciales; además, estas capacidades pueden desarrollarse mediante entrenamiento.

Diseñar tridimensionalmente supone entonces aprender no solo a dibujar formas, sino a imaginar cómo esas formas existirán en el espacio.

Una corrección importante: vistas ortográficas no son perspectivas

Tradicionalmente se utilizan tres vistas principales para describir muchos objetos:

Vista superior o planta
Muestra el objeto desde arriba.

Vista frontal
Muestra el objeto desde el frente.

Vista lateral
Muestra uno de sus costados.

Sin embargo, técnicamente no deberían llamarse “tres perspectivas básicas”. Son proyecciones o vistas ortográficas.

En la proyección ortográfica, las líneas de visión son paralelas y perpendiculares al plano de proyección. Las vistas frontal, superior y lateral permiten traducir un objeto tridimensional a representaciones bidimensionales mensurables. McGill University señala que normalmente se seleccionan únicamente las vistas necesarias para describir el objeto sin ambigüedad.

La perspectiva, en cambio, representa visualmente la profundidad mediante convergencias hacia puntos de fuga. En ella aparecen conceptos como:

  • línea del horizonte;
  • punto o puntos de fuga;
  • plano del cuadro;
  • posición del observador o punto de vista;
  • líneas de proyección.

En una perspectiva lineal, líneas paralelas en el espacio pueden aparecer convergiendo hacia puntos de fuga; el sistema busca producir en una superficie bidimensional una experiencia convincente de profundidad.

Por ello, la perspectiva es fundamental para representar el espacio, pero no constituye por sí misma el diseño tridimensional.

Los elementos conceptuales

Wong organiza el pensamiento tridimensional comenzando por cuatro elementos conceptuales:

Punto

El punto indica una posición en el espacio. Conceptualmente no posee longitud, anchura ni profundidad.

Un punto puede señalar, por ejemplo, el encuentro de líneas o la posición de un vértice.

Línea

El desplazamiento conceptual de un punto produce una línea.

La línea tiene longitud y dirección y puede actuar como límite, eje, trayectoria o elemento estructural.

En tres dimensiones una línea deja de pertenecer necesariamente a un único plano: puede atravesar y organizar el espacio.

Plano

Un plano posee longitud y anchura conceptuales, pero no espesor.

Puede dividir, limitar o articular un espacio y convertirse físicamente en una superficie.

Volumen

Cuando los planos delimitan o generan una región tridimensional aparece el volumen.

El volumen puede entenderse tanto como masa positiva como a través del espacio interior que encierra.

Esta genealogía —punto, línea, plano y volumen— constituye una estructura conceptual que Wong utiliza para pasar progresivamente de relaciones abstractas a construcciones tridimensionales.

Los elementos visuales

Cuando los elementos conceptuales adquieren presencia perceptible aparecen los elementos visuales.

Forma

La forma constituye la configuración perceptible del objeto.

No debería reducirse únicamente a su contorno. En tres dimensiones incluye la relación entre superficies, volúmenes, vacíos, orientación y estructura.

Tamaño y escala

Todo objeto posee dimensiones físicas o virtuales, pero su escala surge de la relación con otros cuerpos, objetos, espacios y, especialmente, con el cuerpo humano.

Una escultura de treinta centímetros y una estructura de treinta metros pueden compartir geometría y producir experiencias radicalmente distintas.

Color

El color modifica la percepción de unidad, fragmentación, profundidad, peso y jerarquía.

No es simplemente una decoración aplicada sobre la forma: puede contribuir a organizarla.

Textura

La textura describe las características perceptibles de una superficie.

Puede ser visual, táctil o ambas: lisa, rugosa, reflectante, porosa, translúcida, flexible, pulida, irregular.

En la tradición de enseñanza tridimensional de Rowena Reed Kostellow, línea, plano o superficie, volumen, luz-oscuridad, textura y color aparecen igualmente como componentes fundamentales de la materialización formal.

Elementos de relación: posición, dirección, espacio y gravedad

Una forma nunca existe de manera completamente aislada.

Su significado perceptivo depende de su relación con otras formas y con el espacio que ocupa.

Posición

Indica dónde se encuentra una forma respecto de otras formas, de una estructura o de un sistema espacial de referencia.

Dirección

Describe la orientación dominante de una forma o elemento espacial.

Una dirección horizontal, vertical, diagonal, radial o curvilínea puede alterar completamente el carácter de una composición.

Espacio

En diseño tridimensional, el espacio no debe entenderse únicamente como aquello que queda “vacío”.

Puede ser:

ocupado, desocupado, contenido, atravesado, abierto, cerrado, positivo o negativo.

El vacío puede convertirse en un elemento tan importante como la masa.

Una abertura dentro de una escultura, por ejemplo, no es simplemente ausencia de material: puede organizar la mirada, permitir el paso de luz y establecer relaciones entre interior y exterior.

Gravedad: una distinción fundamental

Aquí es necesario corregir una confusión frecuente.

En los escritos de Wong sobre diseño bidimensional, la gravedad puede funcionar como una percepción psicológica de pesadez, ligereza, estabilidad o inestabilidad.

Pero Wong modifica explícitamente este principio cuando pasa al diseño tridimensional.

En el mundo tridimensional, señala, la gravedad es real: afecta la estabilidad de la forma, exige soportes, anclajes o suspensiones y se relaciona con el peso y las propiedades de los materiales.

Esta diferencia es esencial.

Una composición gráfica puede parecer inestable.

Una escultura físicamente inestable puede caer.

Elementos constructivos: vértice, arista y cara

La construcción geométrica tridimensional introduce tres componentes particularmente importantes:

Vértice

Punto donde convergen aristas o planos.

Arista

Línea producida por el encuentro de dos superficies o planos.

El texto original afirmaba que se produce cuando se unen “dos planos paralelos”. Esto debe corregirse: dos planos paralelos no se encuentran. Wong habla específicamente del encuentro de dos planos no paralelos a lo largo de una línea conceptual.

Cara

Superficie que forma parte del límite exterior de un volumen.

Estos elementos permiten analizar poliedros, prismas, estructuras modulares y formas geométricas complejas.

Forma y espacio negativo

Uno de los aprendizajes más importantes del diseño tridimensional es abandonar la idea de que solamente diseñamos “el objeto”.

También diseñamos aquello que lo rodea y aquello que penetra en él.

Una silla diseña tanto sus superficies materiales como los espacios existentes entre asiento, respaldo, brazos y suelo.

Una escultura perforada construye simultáneamente masa y vacío.

Un edificio diseña tanto muros como habitaciones.

La relación entre forma positiva y espacio negativo es, por ello, inseparable.

El diseño tridimensional más sofisticado no trata al vacío como residuo: lo utiliza como material compositivo.

Estructura

La estructura es el sistema de relaciones que permite que una forma se organice y, cuando es física, se sostenga.

Puede ser visible o estar oculta.

En términos visuales, establece orden, ritmo, jerarquía y coherencia.

En términos constructivos, determina cómo se transmiten esfuerzos y cómo diferentes componentes permanecen vinculados.

La estructura no debe confundirse necesariamente con regularidad. Una composición aparentemente caótica puede estar organizada mediante una estructura subyacente extremadamente rigurosa.

Módulo, repetición y variación

Un módulo es una unidad que puede repetirse, transformarse o combinarse para producir una organización mayor.

La repetición puede afectar:

figura, tamaño, dirección, posición, color, textura o configuración espacial.

Cuando varias unidades mantienen una relación constante pueden producir sistemas de mayor escala.

Pero la repetición no tiene que producir monotonía.

Puede incorporar:

gradación, rotación, desplazamiento, alternancia, contraste, expansión o deformación.

Wong dedica capítulos completos a repetición, estructuras de pared, estructuras poliédricas y sistemas lineales, demostrando que una forma compleja puede emerger de operaciones relativamente elementales.

Planos seriados

Uno de los conceptos más fértiles de Wong es el plano seriado.

El principio es sencillo: si imaginamos un volumen dividido mediante sucesivas secciones transversales, cada sección puede convertirse en un plano. Una secuencia de esos planos puede reconstruir perceptivamente o materialmente el volumen.

Los planos pueden repetirse sin cambios o modificarse gradualmente.

Wong distingue, entre otras posibilidades:

  • variación gradual de tamaño manteniendo la figura;
  • variación gradual de la figura manteniendo el tamaño;
  • variación simultánea de figura y tamaño.

Este principio continúa apareciendo hoy en arquitectura, fabricación digital, mobiliario, instalaciones y escultura.

Retículas y estructuras modulares

La retícula proporciona un sistema de coordenadas y relaciones para organizar unidades.

En dos dimensiones puede constituirse mediante líneas horizontales y verticales; en tres dimensiones puede expandirse hasta convertirse en una malla espacial o estructura celular.

Wong demuestra, por ejemplo, cómo una estructura inicialmente bidimensional puede adquirir profundidad y transformarse en una organización de celdas espaciales.

Actualmente esta lógica adquiere nuevas posibilidades mediante sistemas paramétricos, estructuras lattice y fabricación computacional.

Material: cuando la geometría encuentra la realidad

Ninguna comprensión contemporánea del diseño tridimensional debería separar completamente forma y material.

Cartón, madera, acero, vidrio, papel, piedra, arcilla, polímeros, textiles o materiales compuestos poseen:

peso, rigidez, flexibilidad, resistencia, transparencia, textura y comportamientos constructivos diferentes.

Una geometría posible en acero puede resultar imposible en cartón.

Una curva sencilla en software puede ser extremadamente difícil de fabricar.

Por ello, diseñar tridimensionalmente implica preguntarse no solamente qué forma quiero, sino también:

¿de qué está hecha?, ¿cómo se sostiene?, ¿cómo se une?, ¿cómo envejece?, ¿cómo responde a la luz?, ¿cómo puede fabricarse?

El diseño tridimensional después de la revolución digital

Los principios clásicos no han desaparecido.

Se han expandido.

Modelado CAD

El modelado tridimensional asistido por computadora permite construir, medir, transformar y evaluar geometrías antes de producir físicamente un objeto.

La investigación educativa muestra además que el uso de CAD puede contribuir al desarrollo de diferentes aspectos de la capacidad espacial.

Diseño paramétrico y computacional

En lugar de diseñar únicamente una forma terminada, los sistemas paramétricos permiten establecer reglas y relaciones.

Cambiar una variable puede modificar automáticamente múltiples componentes del diseño.

El diseñador deja entonces de definir exclusivamente un objeto y comienza también a diseñar el sistema capaz de producir variantes del objeto.

Realidad virtual y realidad extendida

Una transformación especialmente importante para el diseño contemporáneo es la posibilidad de entrar físicamente —al menos perceptivamente— dentro de un modelo antes de construirlo.

Una revisión publicada en Design Studies en 2025 encontró que las tecnologías XR —realidad virtual, aumentada y mixta— pueden favorecer la percepción espacial, la exploración a escala real, los procesos iterativos y el aprendizaje experiencial dentro de la enseñanza de arquitectura e interiores.

Esto cambia algo fundamental.

Durante siglos, el diseñador tuvo que imaginar mentalmente la transición entre dibujo y espacio.

Ahora puede caminar virtualmente por la forma diseñada.

La investigación no sugiere, sin embargo, que la tecnología elimine la necesidad de aprender fundamentos. Al contrario: las herramientas inmersivas funcionan mejor cuando se integran dentro de estructuras pedagógicas coherentes. Revisiones sistemáticas recientes advierten precisamente contra asumir que la inmersión tecnológica produce automáticamente mejores aprendizajes.

Fabricación aditiva: del modelo al objeto

La impresión 3D conecta directamente geometría digital y fabricación.

La norma internacional ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, confirmada como vigente en 2025, define la fabricación aditiva mediante el principio de construir geometrías físicas tridimensionales mediante la adición sucesiva de material.

Esta tecnología ha ampliado considerablemente el repertorio geométrico disponible para diseñadores e ingenieros.

La investigación reciente sobre Design for Additive Manufacturing destaca oportunidades relacionadas con:

geometrías complejas, optimización topológica, estructuras lattice, reducción de peso, personalización y consolidación de componentes. Una revisión sistemática publicada en 2026 analizó 65 estudios revisados por pares y señala también la creciente incorporación de inteligencia artificial y machine learning dentro de estos procesos.

Pero existe una advertencia importante:

que una forma pueda imprimirse no significa que esté bien diseñada.

Las propiedades del material, orientación de fabricación, estructuras de soporte, anisotropía, tolerancias, acabado y comportamiento mecánico continúan imponiendo restricciones.

¿Es la impresión 3D automáticamente sostenible?

No.

La libertad geométrica y la reducción potencial de desperdicio pueden ofrecer ventajas ambientales, pero la evidencia científica señala que el resultado depende del material, el proceso, el consumo energético, el volumen de producción, la geometría y todo el ciclo de vida del producto.

Revisiones recientes encuentran situaciones en las que la fabricación aditiva ofrece ventajas importantes, especialmente para piezas complejas y determinadas escalas de producción, y otras en las que los métodos convencionales siguen teniendo mejor desempeño ambiental.

Por tanto, sostenibilidad también es una decisión de diseño, no una propiedad automática de la tecnología.

Inteligencia artificial y diseño tridimensional

De cara a una enseñanza y práctica profesional preparada para 2027, la inteligencia artificial debe entenderse como otra expansión de las herramientas de diseño, no como sustituto de los fundamentos espaciales.

Las investigaciones recientes sobre fabricación aditiva ya estudian la integración de IA y aprendizaje automático en optimización, diseño de estructuras y procesos de manufactura.

Esto apunta hacia un cambio conceptual importante.

El diseñador contemporáneo puede trabajar de varias maneras:

modelando directamente una forma;
definiendo parámetros;
estableciendo restricciones;
simulando comportamiento;
permitiendo que un algoritmo explore alternativas;
seleccionando, corrigiendo y reinterpretando resultados.

La autoría del diseño no desaparece. Cambia el lugar desde el cual se toman las decisiones.

La pregunta fundamental continúa siendo humana:

¿por qué esta forma y no otra?

Los fundamentos siguen siendo fundamentales

La tecnología puede producir formas cada vez más complejas, pero complejidad no equivale automáticamente a calidad.

Un sistema generativo puede producir miles de soluciones.

Una impresora puede materializar geometrías extraordinariamente intrincadas.

Un visor de realidad virtual puede permitirnos entrar en un espacio inexistente.

Sin embargo, ninguna de estas herramientas determina por sí sola:

qué relación debe existir entre masa y vacío;
qué escala es apropiada;
cuándo una estructura está equilibrada;
qué jerarquía visual necesita una composición;
cómo debe relacionarse una forma con el cuerpo;
qué material comunica mejor una intención;
o qué significado posee aquello que estamos creando.

Es precisamente allí donde los fundamentos clásicos de diseño mantienen su vigencia.

Conclusión: diseñar es organizar relaciones

El diseño tridimensional no debería entenderse únicamente como la creación de objetos con altura, anchura y profundidad.

Es una disciplina para pensar relaciones espaciales.

Entre punto y línea.

Entre línea y plano.

Entre plano y volumen.

Entre masa y vacío.

Entre una parte y el conjunto.

Entre material y gravedad.

Entre cuerpo y escala.

Entre estructura y apariencia.

Entre lo que imaginamos y aquello que finalmente puede existir.

Wucius Wong construyó una gramática extraordinariamente útil para comprender estas relaciones. Rowena Reed Kostellow desarrolló, desde otra tradición pedagógica, una metodología centrada igualmente en la estructura de las relaciones visuales; su trabajo continúa siendo utilizado en la enseñanza tridimensional décadas después.

En 2027, diseñar tridimensionalmente puede significar cortar cartón con una cuchilla, modelar arcilla con las manos, programar una geometría paramétrica, recorrer un edificio mediante realidad virtual o enviar un objeto digital a una impresora 3D.

Las herramientas cambian.

El problema fundamental permanece: convertir una idea en una organización coherente de forma, espacio, materia y experiencia.

Referencias académicas y bibliográficas principales

Wong, Wucius. Principles of Three-Dimensional Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977. Su estructura incluye planos seriados, estructuras de pared, prismas y cilindros, repetición, estructuras poliédricas y sistemas lineales.

Wong, Wucius. Principles of Form and Design. John Wiley & Sons, 1993.

Wong, Wucius. Fundamentos del diseño. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili, 1995. ISBN 84-252-1643-5.

Hannah, Gail Greet. Elements of Design: Rowena Reed Kostellow and the Structure of Visual Relationships. Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.

Hsieh, Ying-Yi; Chen, Chun-Ching; Chen, Wen-Yin. “Form Development from 2D to 3D: The Basic Design Courses for Higher Education.” International Journal of Art & Design Education, 41(1), 96–107. DOI: 10.1111/jade.12377.

Buckley, Jeffrey; Seery, Niall; Canty, Donal. “A Heuristic Framework of Spatial Ability.” Educational Psychology Review, 30, 947–972. DOI: 10.1007/s10648-018-9432-z.

Lee, Jisun; Kim, Yeayoung. “Extended reality in architectural and interior design curricula: A review of applications, outcomes, and pedagogical implications.” Design Studies, 101 (2025), 101359. DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2025.101359.

Reinke, Gustavo; dos Santos, Andrea Cristina. “A systematic review and unified framework for design for additive manufacturing (DfAM).” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 143 (2026), 4507–4535. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-026-17632-6.

ISO/ASTM 52900:2021. Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary. Norma confirmada en 2025.

Esta versión corrige varios errores conceptuales del artículo original y no conserva afirmaciones que no pude verificar. En particular, corregí las vistas ortográficas, la definición del punto, la arista, el papel de la gravedad en 3D y la definición de los planos seriados.