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36th Bienal de São Paulo – Not All Travellers Walk Roads – Of Humanity as Practice

36th edition, the Bienal de São Paulo
36th edition, the Bienal de São Paulo

36th Bienal de São Paulo – Not All Travellers Walk Roads – Of Humanity as Practice

Dates: September 6, 2025 – January 11, 2026 (extended period)
Location: Ciccillo Matarazzo Pavilion, Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo
Admission: Free Bienal de São Paulo36ª Bienal de São PauloZarastro Art

Curatorial Concept

  • Chief Curator: Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung, with co-curators Alya Sebti, Anna Roberta Goetz, Thiago de Paula Souza, co-curator-at-large Keyna Eleison, and communications strategist Henriette Gallus Bienal de São Paulo36ª Bienal de São PauloContemporary And.
  • Inspired by the poem Da calma e do silêncio (“Of Calm and Silence”) by Afro-Brazilian poet Conceição Evaristo.
  • Uses the metaphor of an estuary, where different currents meet, to frame notions of coexistence, listening, and negotiation between diverse worlds.
  • Rejects nation-based categorizations by modeling curatorial selection on bird migration patterns—highlighting fluidity, displacement, and interconnectedness Bienal de São PauloZarastro ArtArtsy36ª Bienal de São Paulo.
  • The exhibition architecture, designed by Gisele de Paula and Tiago Guimarães, evokes a sensory landscape with sinuous pathways—encouraging reflection and encounter 36ª Bienal de São Paulo.

Participating Artists

The Bienal features approximately 120 artists and collectives from diverse cultural and geographic backgrounds. Selected names include:

Notable participating artists:

  • Firelei Báez
  • Frank Bowling
  • Precious Okoyomon
  • Song Dong
  • Laure Prouvost
  • Wolfgang Tillmans
  • Forensic Architecture
  • Isa Genzken
  • Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons
  • Heitor dos Prazeres
  • Aislan Pankararu
  • Nari Ward
  • Kamala Ibrahim Ishag
    …and many more e-fluxZarastro ArtArtDependenceGQ BrasilArtsy.

This edition centers on urgent global themes—ecologies, oral traditions, community practices, and non-Western cosmologies—presented through a variety of media, including performance, video, painting, writing, sound, and collaborative forms 36ª Bienal de São PauloZarastro Art.

Perfect ✨ — I can prepare a visual breakdown / highlights feature of the 36th Bienal de São Paulo (2025) so you can use it for your magazine.

I can structure it like this:

1. Bienal Overview

(Concept, curatorial approach, estuary metaphor, free entry, dates, etc.)

2. Highlights by Artist

  • Latin America: Firelei Báez, Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons, Heitor dos Prazeres, Aislan Pankararu…
  • Africa & Diaspora: Kamala Ibrahim Ishag, Precious Okoyomon…
  • Europe: Frank Bowling, Laure Prouvost, Wolfgang Tillmans, Isa Genzken…
  • Asia: Song Dong, collectives…
  • Transdisciplinary / Research-based: Forensic Architecture…

3. Key Themes

  • Ecology & planetary urgencies
  • Oral traditions & ancestral knowledge
  • Migration & displacement
  • Community-based practices
  • Ritual, storytelling, and spirituality

4. Why It Matters

How the Bienal repositions Brazil and Latin America in global contemporary art dialogue.

In its 36th edition, the Bienal de São Paulo adopts a migratory curatorial model inspired by bird migration, bypassing national borders to weave together artistic practices from across the globe. Curated by Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung, alongside Alya Sebti, Anna Roberta Goetz, Thiago de Paula Souza, Keyna Eleison, and Henriette Gallus, the Bienal incorporates themes of displacement, coexistence, and cultural fluidity, drawing inspiration from Conceição Evaristo’s poem “Da calma e do silêncio” Bienal de São PauloArtsy.

Highlights by Region & Notable Artists

Key Themes

  • Environmental urgency & ecologies
  • Oral traditions & ancestral knowledge
  • Migration, identity & diaspora
  • Community practices & spiritual cosmologies Bienal de São PauloContemporary And

This Bienal stands as a dynamic platform that reshapes how contemporary art grapples with global interconnection—highlighting stories of movement, memory, and shared humanity. Artists from diverse geographies and backgrounds converge here, inviting new dialogues and reimagining art’s place in a rapidly shifting world.

Art Coach, Art Miami Magazine

Art Coach, Art Miami Magazine
afael Montilla - Queen Moremi 2

Art Coach Desde Miami para toda latinoamerica

Convierte tu arte en un negocio rentable con Art Miami Magazine Creative Coach

¿Tienes una obra sólida pero aún no logras vivir bien de tu arte?
¿Públicas seguido en redes, pero no llegan las ventas?
¿Ya vendiste piezas, pero no sabes cómo repetir ese éxito de manera constante?

La mentoría de Art Miami Magazine Creative Coach está diseñada para artistas visuales como tú, que quieren dar el siguiente paso y construir una carrera estable, rentable y alineada con su esencia.

¿Qué lograrás en 6 meses?

Un plan de acción personalizado para tus redes sociales
Estrategia clara para atraer a tu público ideal y vender más
Tu sistema de ventas montado y funcionando
Un portfolio y marca artística profesional
Mayor visibilidad en el mercado y oportunidades reales de crecimiento

Lo que incluye la mentoría:

Plan de acción paso a paso
Masterclass de productividad para artistas
Acceso a un evento formativo presencial
Recursos y sesiones individuales (acceso para siempre)
3 meses extra de soporte personalizado
Acceso por un año a la comunidad Art Miami Magazine
Implementación técnica de tu sistema de ventas

Imagina esto…

En solo 6 meses tendrás:
✔️ Una marca artística clara y reconocible
✔️ Una comunidad de seguidores que se convierten en coleccionistas
✔️ Un negocio artístico que te permite vivir de tu pasión con libertad y propósito

Deja de publicar sin resultados. Empieza a construir tu negocio artístico hoy con Art Miami Magazine.

Untitled Houston Art

Untitled Houston Art
Untitled Houston Art

Untitled Houston Art

Founded in 2012, Untitled Art is a leading contemporary art fair taking place annually on the sands of Miami Beach and Houston. Guided by a mission to support the wider art ecosystem, Untitled Art offers an inclusive platform for discovering contemporary art that prioritizes collaboration within each aspect of the fair. Untitled Art, Houston, a boutique invitational fair, will take place from September 19 through September 21, 2025, at the George R. Brown Convention Center in downtown Houston. A VIP and Press Preview will be held on September 18, 2025.

Untitled Art, Houston is a boutique invitational fair that will debut from September 19 to 21, 2025 at the George R. Brown Convention Center. A VIP and Press Preview will be held on September 18. The fair’s expansion into Texas aims to engage new audiences across the city, state, and region, adding another cultural touchstone to one of the country’s largest, most diverse, and fastest-growing cities. 

Leading up to the fair, Untitled Art, Houston will stage a series of activations across the state and the broader region to highlight Texas’ vibrant contemporary art scene. Additional details on collateral events and the inaugural edition will be announced in the coming months.

Untitled Houston Art VIP benefits include:

  • Entry for you and one guest through the run of show
  • Access to the VIP and Press Preview on Thursday, September 18, 1-9pm
  • Access to the Lexus VIP Lounge
  • Complimentary admission to participating Houston museums and cultural partners during fair week
  • Invitations to exclusive VIP events and offerings as part of our VIP program

To manage your VIP profile — including updating your contact information, SMS preferences, viewing the VIP program, and RSVPing to exclusive events — please log in using your email: [email protected].

For any assistance, please contact us at [email protected].

We look forward to welcoming you to the inaugural edition of Untitled Art, Houston this September.

VIP & Press Preview
Thursday, September 18, 1-9pm

General Admission
Friday, September 19, 12-8pm
Saturday, September 20, 12-6pm
Sunday, September 21, 12-6pm

Location
George R. Brown Convention Center – Hall A3
1001 Avenida De Las Americas Houston, TX

Untitled Houston Art Galleries

Programming at Untitled Art includes Special Projects, Panel Discussions, and Performances as part of our year-round program for the Untitled Art Podcast.

Thursday 18 Sep

Friday 19 Sep

Saturday 20 Sep

Sunday 21 Sep

Learn more about the 86 galleries participating in Untitled Art, Houston 2025.

A

  • 12.26 (Nest)
  • Alice Amati (Nest)

C

  • CONSTITUCIÓN (Nest)

D

  • de boer (Nest)
  • deCERCA Gallery (Nest)
  • DON’T LOOK Projects (Nest)

E

  • Ediciones Marea (Nest)

F

  • F (Nest)

H

  • HAIR+NAILS (Nest)

K

  • KDR (Nest)

L

  • Laura (the gallery) (Nest)

M

  • Martha’s (Nest)
  • Megan Mulrooney (Nest)
  • Murmurs (Nest)

N

  • Northern Southern (Nest)

O

  • One Trick Pony (Nest)

P

  • PDNB Gallery (Nest)
  • Povos (Nest)

R

  • Rajiv Menon Contemporary (Nest)

S

  • Serious Topics (Nest)
  • Seven Sisters (Nest)

U

  • University of Houston School of Art and Public Art (Nest)

Team

Jeffrey Lawson
Founder

Clara Andrade Pereira
Executive Director

Michael Slenske
Director for Houston

Cailin Sung
Exhibitor Relations and Communications

Lauren Pollock
Head of VIP Relations

Romina Jiménez Álvarez
VIP Relations and Programming Manager

Aquí No Pasa Nada by Hermes Berrio and Fair Play by Katrina Majkut

Aqui No Pasa Nada" & "Fair Play
Aqui No Pasa Nada" & "Fair Play

Solo Exhibitions: Aquí No Pasa Nada by Hermes Berrio and Fair Play by Katrina Majkut

The CAMP Gallery Presents Aquí No Pasa Nada by Hermes Berrio and Fair Play by Katrina Majkut

Exhibition Dates: September 5 – October 3, 2025
Opening Reception: Friday, September 5, 2025 | 6–9 PM
Location: The CAMP Gallery | 791–793 NE 125th St., North Miami, FL 33161

The Contemporary Art Modern Project (The CAMP Gallery) is proud to announce two new solo exhibitions opening on Friday, September 5, 2025: Aquí No Pasa Nada by Miami-based artist Hermes Berrio and Fair Play by New York-based artist Katrina Majkut.

In Aquí No Pasa Nada, Berrio presents a series of mixed-media paintings rooted in his exploration of the everyday and the seemingly mundane. Known for his ability to elevate ordinary moments into the sublime, Berrio highlights the overlooked beauty and vibrancy of daily life. With his layered compositions and striking details, the artist invites viewers to slow down and rediscover the awe hidden in the rhythm of contemporary urban living.

Running concurrently, Fair Play features Majkut’s series of bedazzled vintage baseball cards, where the artist uses embroidery to obscure the identities of celebrated athletes. By concealing the heroes’ images, Majkut re-centers the conversation on achievement rather than tradition or gender roles, effectively leveling the proverbial playing field. Her work challenges sports culture’s narratives while reframing iconic symbols into a dialogue on equality and recognition.

Together, Berrio and Majkut direct our attention to what is often missed amid the “noise” of everyday life—possibility, accomplishment, and the act of seeing beyond the obvious.

The exhibitions will be on view through October 3, 2025, with an opening reception on Friday, September 5, from 6–9 PM.

Gallery Hours & Contact:
The CAMP Gallery is open Tuesday–Saturday, from 11 AM to 5 PM. Private tours may be scheduled by emailing [email protected] or calling 786-953-8807. For press inquiries, additional images, or artist bios, please contact Communications Manager Amy at [email protected].

Follow us on social media: @thecampgallery

SONY DSC

Katrina Majkut (b.1982) is a Ukrainian American visual artist, curator, and writer dedicated to examining how social traditions shape civil rights, bodily autonomy, and representation. Pushing the boundaries of observational painting, she uniquely employs embroidery and craft materials as her primary medium—challenging the historical biases and social narratives embedded within them. Through her innovative practice, Majkut pioneers intersectional, fourth-wave feminist strategies, a methodology she calls Boomerang Intersectionalism.

Katrina Majkut
Katrina Majkut

Majkut’s work has been featured in major exhibitions, including the group show Get in the Game at SFMOMA, which will travel to Crystal Bridges Museum in 2025 and the Pérez Art Museum Miami in 2026. In 2024, she presented a solo exhibition at the Ukrainian Institute of Modern Art. Her broader exhibition history includes over 40 colleges and institutions, as well as Spring Break, Tyger Tyger Gallery, the Bronx Museum Biennial, Every Woman Biennial, Dorsky Museum, and the Museum of Craft and Design (San Francisco).

She has received fellowships from Wassaic Projects, Forge, and the Bronx Museum AIM program, and has participated in residencies at Elizabeth Murray/Collarworks, MASS MoCA, and Project for Empty Space. Majkut’s work is also part of significant private collections, including the 21C Museum and Dana Farber. She earned her MFA from SMFA at Tufts University.

Hermes Berrio (b. 1980, Colombia) is a Miami-based artist whose work reimagines the emotional landscapes of urban life, transforming canvases into vibrant spectacles and everyday objects into treasures. His stylized creations restructure ideas, redistribute meaning, and mutate concepts into unrecognizable yet captivating forms of perfection.

Berrio’s passion for art began in high school in Colombia, where he immersed himself in creative study both formally and independently. Seeking to expand his horizons, he moved to New York to study and embrace the city’s diverse culture, earning his BFA from New York University in 2005. Since then, his career has spanned group and solo exhibitions across the United States, Latin America, Europe, and Australia, alongside numerous public murals—including several prominent installations in Miami.

Hermes Berrio
Hermes Berrio

His work has been recognized with significant awards, including The Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant (2018, 2022), The Ruth and Harold Chenven Foundation Grant (2019), the South Florida Cultural Consortium Grant (2023), and the Miami Individual Artist (MIA) Grant (2023, 2024). From 2019 to 2024, he was also a Fountainhead Studios resident artist. Constantly evolving, Berrio continues to push the boundaries of process and medium, challenging contemporary expectations with his prodigious and dynamic compositions.

Calzada nos deja su arte y el legado plástico que reflejan las esperanzas del exilio y el esplendor de la Cuba libre que se avecina

Calzada de Luyanó y Calle Ensenada. 40 x 45 pulgadas. Acrílico sobre fotografía de Hector Trujillo.
Calzada de Luyanó y Calle Ensenada. 40 x 45 pulgadas. Acrílico sobre fotografía de Hector Trujillo.

Calzada nos deja su arte y el legado plástico que reflejan las esperanzas del exilio y el esplendor de la Cuba libre que se avecina

El Museo Americano de la Diáspora Cubana se une a la pena que embarga a nuestra comunidad tras la partida del prestigioso pintor cubano americano Humberto Calzada, artista excepcional que reflejó en su obra la memoria de una república grandiosa y señorial de la cual tuvo que partir forzosamente tras la llegada de Castro al poder. 

Calzada llegó a Miami como exiliado junto a sus padres con apenas 16 años en 1960 y tras cursar la carrera de ingeniería industrial y trabajar en la prestigiosa compañía IBM decidió, en 1970, dedicarse por completo a la pintura, su verdadera pasión.

Calzada fue uno de los precursores de la corriente plástica conocida como The Miami Generation, integrada por artistas visuales nacidos en Cuba, pero formados estéticamente en el exilio de Miami.

Restoring Some Dignity - 2009 Acrillic on Canvas 53 x 40 / 164,42 x 101,60 cm
Restoring Some Dignity – 2009 Acrillic on Canvas 53 x 40 / 164,42 x 101,60 cm

En contraposición a los artistas cubanos que decidieron quedarse en Cuba y poner su talento y obra al servicio de la dictadura de Fidel Castro, Humberto Calzada supo recrear en imágenes el vacío, la nostalgia y el sentimiento de desarraigo sufrido por el exilio cubano, y al mismo tiempo fue capaz de plasmar en sus cuadros la inclaudicable esperanza de recuperar y reconstruir la patria en todo su esplendor. Esa lealtad hacia su identidad expresada en un arte que por encima de la desolación se convertía en luz ha cautivado no sólo a compatriotas sino al público de otras latitudes. 

“Ha muerto un ícono de la expresión artística cubana; su arte y el legado plástico que nos deja reflejan las esperanzas del exilio y el esplendor de la Cuba libre que se avecina”, señaló Marcell Felipe, presidente del Museo Americano de la Diáspora Cubana.

Nuestra institución honra ese legado artístico que permanecerá vivo en la Cuba evocada en cada una de sus obras, y se une al duelo de familiares, amigos y admiradores extendiéndoles sus más sentidas condolencias.

No hay despedida definitiva para quien fuera un extraordinario ser humano. Al protagonista de tertulias inolvidables en su hogar donde se reunió la crema y nata de la intelectualidad, el arte y el liderazgo de la comunidad cubanoamericana. Al hombre siempre amable, compasivo y generoso. Al hacedor de utopías realizables con las que siempre soñará la nación que fundó con sus pinceles.

La misa funeral a la memoria de Humberto Calzada tendrá lugar el lunes 25 de agosto, a la 1:30 p.m., en la Iglesia St. Augustine, ubicada en 1400 Miller Drive, Coral Gables, FL. 33146.

Untitled Art Miami Beach

Untitled Art Miami Beach
Untitled Art Miami Beach

Miami Art Week

Untitled Miami Beach ART

This December, Untitled Art returns to the sands of Miami Beach for its 14th edition, set to take place from Wednesday, December 3 to Sunday, December 7, with a VIP and Press Preview on Tuesday, December 2.

With a strong foundation as a curatorial platform that champions artistic voices in an evolving art market, Untitled Art has collaborated over the years with a dynamic curatorial team alongside a committee of leading industry experts. This collaboration enhances and amplifies the fair’s mission, ensuring a selection process rooted in curatorial integrity, global reach, and visibility for underrepresented artistic voices. For the 2025 edition of Miami Beach, Untitled Art is thrilled to welcome Petra Cortright, Allison Glenn, and Jonny Tanna with Harlesden High Street as Guest Curators, who will bring their unique expertise to guide this year’s sectors, respectively.

Founded in 2012, Untitled Art is a leading contemporary art fair taking place annually on the sands of Miami Beach and in 2025, will expand to Houston. Guided by a mission to support the wider art ecosystem, Untitled Art offers an inclusive platform for discovering contemporary art that prioritizes collaboration within each aspect of the fair.

Each year, new and long-standing exhibitors are selected by Untitled Art’s evolving curatorial team for their artistic integrity and international reach, with several galleries based outside of mainstream art hubs. Emerging artists, young galleries, and non-profit organizations are supported through its ‘Nest’ sector, an initiative offering subsidized booths developed in response to traditional entry barriers posed by art fair participation. The first to launch an online art fair, Untitled Art continually invests in new technologies to make contemporary art collecting more accessible to new audiences, and it proactively advances responsible culture by using its platform to amplify diverse voices.

Through critical and educational programming, from a robust on-site podcast series focusing on relevant industry topics and artist talks to events and community activations outside of the fair itself, Untitled Art attracts contemporary art collectors, art professionals, curators, art historians, and critics, among other enthusiasts. It also celebrates the context in which the fairs are held by promoting leading galleries from Miami and Houston, as well as engaging with local institutions. To reduce its environmental impact, Untitled Art has joined the Gallery Climate Collation and works closely with the City of Miami Beach to ensure zero environmental impact. Untitled Edit, commissioned essays intended to spark debate and dialogue, also continues to further the critical advancement of art criticism while cultivating the next generation of writers.

Untitled Art Team

Jeffrey Lawson
Founder

Clara Andrade Pereira
Executive Director

Michael Slenske
Director for Houston

Cailin Sung
Exhibitor Relations and Communications

Lauren Pollock
Head of VIP Relations

Romina Jiménez Álvarez
VIP Relations and Programming Manager

Calzada leaves us his art and the visual legacy that reflect the hopes of exile and the splendor of the free Cuba that is to come

Calzada de Luyanó y Calle Ensenada. 40 x 45 pulgadas. Acrílico sobre fotografía de Hector Trujillo.
Calzada de Luyanó y Calle Ensenada. 40 x 45 pulgadas. Acrílico sobre fotografía de Hector Trujillo.

Calzada leaves us his art and the visual legacy that reflect the hopes of exile and the splendor of the free Cuba that is to come

The American Museum of the Cuban Diaspora joins our community in mourning the loss of renowned Cuban-American painter Humberto Calzada—an exceptional artist who, through his work, captured the memory of a grand and noble republic from which he was forcibly exiled following Castro’s rise to power.

Calzada arrived in Miami as an exile with his parents at just 16 years old in 1960. After earning a degree in industrial engineering and working for the prestigious IBM corporation, he decided in 1970 to dedicate himself fully to painting—his true passion.

He was one of the pioneers of the artistic movement known as The Miami Generation, composed of visual artists born in Cuba but aesthetically shaped in exile in Miami.

In contrast to the Cuban artists who chose to remain in Cuba and place their talent in service of Fidel Castro’s dictatorship, Humberto Calzada masterfully depicted the emptiness, nostalgia, and uprootedness experienced by the Cuban exile community. At the same time, he was able to express in his work the unwavering hope of recovering and rebuilding the homeland in all its splendor. That deep loyalty to his identity—expressed through art that turned desolation into light—captivated not only his compatriots but also audiences across borders.

“An icon of Cuban artistic expression has passed away; his art and the visual legacy he leaves behind reflect the hopes of exile and the splendor of a free Cuba that is to come,” said Marcell Felipe, President of the American Museum of the Cuban Diaspora.

Our institution honors his artistic legacy, which lives on in the Cuba evoked through each of his paintings, and we join his family, friends, and admirers in mourning his loss and extending our deepest condolences.

There is no final farewell for someone who was such an extraordinary human being. To the host of unforgettable gatherings in his home, where the finest minds in Cuban-American intellectual, artistic, and leadership circles convened. To the man who was always kind, compassionate, and generous. To the creator of realizable utopias, with which the nation he envisioned with his brush will always dream.

The funeral mass in memory of Humberto Calzada will take place on Monday, August 25, at 1:30 p.m., at St. Augustine Church, located at 1400 Miller Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146.

Restoring Some Dignity - 2009 Acrillic on Canvas 53 x 40 / 164,42 x 101,60 cm
Restoring Some Dignity – 2009 Acrillic on Canvas 53 x 40 / 164,42 x 101,60 cm

Showcasing your work during Miami Art Week and Art Basel Miami Beach

Rafael Montilla Queen Nandi, Will to Become Series Canvas on wood
Rafael Montilla Queen Nandi, Will to Become Series Canvas on wood

Showcasing your work during Miami Art Week and Art Basel Miami Beach can be an exciting opportunity. Here are some strategies to effectively present your art:

1. Apply to Exhibitions

  • Art Basel Applications: Keep an eye on the application process for galleries and exhibitions associated with Art Basel.
  • Satellite Fairs: Explore smaller satellite fairs like Scope, Pulse, or NADA, which can be more accessible for emerging artists.

2. Collaborate with Galleries

  • Partner with local or international galleries to display your work. Establish relationships with galleries that align with your style.

3. Host a Pop-Up Exhibition

  • Organize a pop-up show in a unique venue. Consider collaborating with local businesses or artists to attract more visitors.

4. Utilize Social Media

  • Promote your participation through platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Use hashtags like #ArtBasel and #MiamiArtWeek to reach a wider audience.

5. Create an Online Portfolio

  • Ensure your website is updated with your latest works, artist statement, and contact information. Include a dedicated section for Miami Art Week.

6. Engage with Art Communities

  • Attend pre-events and networking sessions. Engage with other artists, curators, and collectors to build connections.

7. Organize an Artist Talk or Workshop

  • Hosting a talk or workshop can draw attention to your work and provide an interactive experience for visitors.

8. Leverage Press and Media

  • Send press releases to local art publications and blogs to gain media coverage. Consider inviting journalists to your events.

9. Create a Unique Experience

  • Think about how to make your exhibit stand out. This could involve interactive elements, performances, or immersive installations.

10. Network with Influencers and Collectors

  • Reach out to art influencers and collectors who might be interested in your work. Personal invitations can help create buzz.

Final Tips

  • Plan Ahead: Start your preparations well in advance to ensure everything is in place.
  • Budget Wisely: Consider the costs of materials, venue rental, marketing, and shipping.
  • Stay Authentic: Showcase work that reflects your true artistic voice.

By combining these strategies, you can maximize your visibility during one of the world’s most prestigious art events. Good luck!

Teotihuacán and Diego Rivera: His Influence on Mexican Muralism

Teotihuacán and Diego Rivera

Teotihuacán and Diego Rivera: His Influence on Mexican Muralism

By Jesús Perseo Becerra – Reflections and Analysis by Archaeologist Luis Eduardo Ramos Cruz

A Cultural Mosaic Called Mesoamerica

For thousands of years, successive waves of tribes populated Mesoamerica, bringing with them a remarkable diversity of physical traits, languages, and cultural expressions. Despite these differences, a unifying thread has always run through their historical development: culture.

The term “Mesoamerica” is more than a geographical reference—it is, above all, a cultural concept. For anthropologist Paul Kirchhoff, it was a vast super-area inhabited by civilizations that developed in what we now call ancient Mexico. It was home to numerous peoples, each with their own distinct traits, yet all part of a region defined by advanced social organization, artistry, and agriculture.

The Shared Foundations of Mesoamerican Civilizations

Ramos Cruz notes that Mesoamerican cultures shared strikingly similar characteristics: truncated pyramid bases, polytheistic religion, ritual cannibalism, dual calendars (a 365-day solar calendar and a 260-day ritual calendar), 52-year cycles, hieroglyphic writing, the ballgame, human sacrifice, a symbolic division of the universe into four directions, and complex systems of governance and belief.

Each region’s uniqueness was shaped by its environment, which determined its economic base, social organization, and technological development. These elements formed the building blocks of what we recognize as a distinct cultural face.

Heritage in the Everyday

Cultural heritage is not solely contained in monumental architecture or museum collections—it lives in songs, flavors, the expressions of the elderly, the laughter of children, rituals, prayers, and seasonal celebrations.

Mexico, poetically speaking, is a seed of maize in the heart of humanity—a land born of tortillas, nourished by the labor and spirit of its people. This grain, cultivated for millennia, remains the flesh and sustenance of the Mexican identity.

The Spiritual Guardians of Knowledge

Elders were revered for their wisdom and served as intermediaries between the earthly and spiritual realms. Among the Maya, the Chilam Balam—jaguar-priests and interpreters of the gods—delivered divine messages from the darkness of temples in trance-like states. In the Central Highlands, the Teopixque fulfilled similar roles, orchestrating sacred ceremonies.

In Maya tradition, the act of “being born” was understood as “being reborn.” Baptism, or Caput-Zihil, meant a return to spiritual life. This concept of cultural rebirth is one Diego Rivera embraced through his murals, drawing inspiration from the visual heritage of Teotihuacán.

Teotihuacán: City of the Painted Universe

Teotihuacán, at its peak, housed over 300,000 people and was entirely painted—its temples, homes, and ceremonial spaces adorned with vivid murals. These images blended religious symbolism, cosmology, and the rhythms of daily life, creating a living canvas that shaped the city’s spiritual and cultural identity.

For Rivera, Teotihuacán was a revelation—a visual and philosophical foundation for what would become his monumental contribution to Mexican muralism.

Seeds of Identity and Symbolism

The Maya saying, “Plant a word, and your ideas will grow in the hearts of your people,” encapsulates the essence of cultural transmission. Symbols—whether carved in stone, painted on walls, or woven into textiles—carried meanings that defined identity and history.

For Ramos Cruz, pre-Hispanic symbols form the “face” of culture, allowing societies to see themselves in their ancestral mirror. Without them, he warns, we risk becoming a people without form or identity.

Man Between Heaven and Earth

In Mesoamerican cosmology, humanity exists between the celestial and terrestrial realms—in the domain of maize. This worldview fostered a reverence for all living things and an awareness of the delicate balance between human action and the natural world.

Modern technological progress, while extraordinary, has distanced us from this harmony. Rivera’s work, in part, sought to restore it through visual narratives that reconnected people to their origins.

Diego Rivera: Muralist and Cultural Intercessor

Rivera’s murals synthesize pre-Hispanic imagery with episodes from Mexican history—Independence heroes like Hidalgo and Morelos, revolutionary figures such as Zapata and Villa, and scenes of labor struggles and social movements.

In Teotihuacán, Rivera lived among the community, exchanging stories and creating art. One well-known anecdote recalls his gift of a painting to Teófila Romero of San Sebastián Xolalpa. Her grandson, nicknamed “El Diente,” would secretly pawn the artwork for jars of pulque, unaware of its true value. The tale, humorous and human, became part of local folklore, deepening Rivera’s connection to the town.

Through his art, Rivera acted as a bridge—an interpreter of ancestral wisdom—seeking his own identity within the muralist movement, and offering Mexico, and the world, a cultural face woven from the threads of Mesoamerican heritage.

Alma Thomas: Color, Light, and the Joy of Being

Alma-Thomas
Alma-Thomas

Alma Thomas: Color, Light, and the Joy of Being

Alma Thomas, a groundbreaking American artist whose work continues to resonate with power, joy, and innovation:

In the often-serious world of 20th-century modernism, Alma Thomas offered something radically simple: joy.

Her paintings burst with luminous color and rhythmic energy, vibrating with a sense of optimism that was as much spiritual as it was aesthetic. But beyond her dazzling canvases, Thomas’s story is one of quiet revolution—a Black woman, a teacher, and an artist who defied both racial and gender boundaries, and who came into her own not in youth, but in the so-called “twilight” of life.

In doing so, she redefined what it means to be a modern artist—and left a legacy that is still shaping contemporary conversations around abstraction, identity, and resilience.

Early Life: Foundations in Education and Nature

Born in 1891 in Columbus, Georgia, and later moving with her family to Washington, D.C. to escape racial violence, Alma Thomas grew up in a world where Black artistic visibility was almost nonexistent. And yet, her curiosity and creativity were never stifled.

She attended Howard University, where in 1924 she became the first graduate of its newly established fine arts program. She later earned a Master’s degree in art education from Columbia University, all while teaching art at Shaw Junior High School in Washington for over 35 years.

Her long teaching career wasn’t a detour from her art—it was a practice in itself, rooted in nurturing beauty, discipline, and imagination in generations of Black students.

Nature played a deep role in her artistic sensibility. She often described the way light filtered through trees, how leaves danced in the breeze—natural patterns that would later become the very structure of her iconic style.

The Blossoming of an Artist—Later in Life

Remarkably, Thomas didn’t fully dedicate herself to painting until after retiring from teaching at age 69. Most artists are introduced in youth; Alma Thomas arrived with age, wisdom, and purpose.

It was in this later period of life that she developed her signature visual language: radiant, mosaic-like abstractions made of dabs and dashes of color, arranged in rows, spirals, or circles. Her palette was bright and affirming, rejecting the dark emotional tones often associated with high modernism.

She drew inspiration from nature, space exploration, and even music, translating those experiences into color fields that feel like visual meditations on life itself.

Abstraction, Space, and Spirit

Thomas was deeply inspired by NASA and the Space Race of the 1960s. Works like “Starry Night and the Astronauts” (1972) and “Apollo 12 ‘Splash Down’” show how she fused cosmic themes with earthly joy, proving that abstraction can be deeply rooted in both science and spirit.

And though her work was not overtly political, her very existence as a Black female abstractionist in a predominantly white, male art world was a quiet act of rebellion—a refusal to be categorized or diminished.

Her art transcends identity politics but never denies identity. She claimed her space not through confrontation, but through mastery—offering a language of light and harmony that invites everyone in.

Breaking Barriers

In 1972, at age 81, Alma Thomas became the first Black woman to have a solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art. That same year, her work was included in the White House collection—a distinction few artists of any background receive.

In a segregated America still struggling to recognize the genius of Black creatives, Thomas’s achievements were extraordinary. But she never allowed recognition to dilute her devotion to the work. For her, painting was a form of prayer, a celebration of life’s beauty—even amidst its harshness.

“Creative art is for all time and is therefore independent of time. It is of all ages, of every land, and if by this we mean that the creative spirit in man is universal, no one kind of art is more valid than another.”

—Alma Thomas

A Lasting Legacy

Alma Thomas passed away in 1978, but her influence continues to grow. In the 21st century, her work has experienced a powerful resurgence, featured in major museum retrospectives and prominent collections.

Artists such as Julie Mehretu, Mickalene Thomas, and Howardena Pindell draw inspiration from Thomas’s defiance of categorization and her commitment to abstraction as a language of possibility.

More than just a painter, Alma Thomas reminds us that it’s never too late to claim your calling—and that even in a fractured world, color, light, and harmony can still be radical.

Final Thoughts

Alma Thomas didn’t chase trends. She didn’t paint her pain for public consumption. She offered something else: a vision of beauty as resistance, of age as emergence, of color as a universal language.

Her work stands as a testament to the enduring power of art to uplift, to transform, and to affirm life. In every brushstroke, Alma Thomas gave us permission to look up, to look inward, and to find joy—not in perfection, but in the rhythm of becoming.

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