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Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s

Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s
Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s

Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s

Nov 21, 2024 – Apr 6, 2025

Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s

Ground Floor / Dr. Shulamit Katzman Gallery
Ground Floor / Kadre Family Gallery

Explore the works of Afro-Brazilian painter Rubem Valentim at Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s

ICA Miami presents the first US museum exhibition of the late Afro-Brazilian painter Rubem Valentim (b. 1922, Salvador, Brazil; d. 1991, São Paulo). A singular voice in modernist painting and geometric abstraction, Valentim explored the medium’s formal concerns and social resonances across cultures and spiritual practices. This exhibition focuses on works Valentim produced in the 1960s, and the transformation of his work and thinking during this time.

Valentim split the decade between Brazil, which was then poised between rapid industrialization and military dictatorship, and Europe, where he first came upon the African art and Third World politics that would influence his painting practice. Having moved from his native Salvador, Bahia, to Rio at the end of the previous decade, in the 1960s, Valentim produced crisp paintings, characterized by rational form and symmetrical composition. Like the most progressive artworks produced in Brazil at the time, such as the paintings of Waldemar Cordeiro and the photographic experiments of Geraldo de Barros, Valentim’s paintings of this period are characterized by compositional clarity and easy communicability, and concerned with offering tools to a quickly urbanizing population to better function with new systems and velocities of communication, new technologies, and new ways of living in modernizing––if still quite segregated and economically uneven––cities.

From 1963 to 1966, Valentim lived in Europe. Although he settled for most of this time in Rome, where he held his first exhibition outside Brazil, he also visited other cities. In London, he saw African sculptures for the first time in person. The impact of this encounter is registered in the paintings of this period: works that retain the sharp lines and shallow pictorial spaces of geometric abstraction, but in which generic forms become shapes that allude to totems, objects used in worship ceremonies, fragments of temple architecture, and to signs, such as axes and arrows, associated with Afro-Brazilian deities. Valentim’s sojourn abroad culminated with his participation in the First World Festival of Negro Arts held in Dakar, Senegal, in 1966.

In 1967, upon returning to live in Brasilia, the country’s new modern capital, Valentim began a radical series of works titled “Emblems.” Produced in shallow bas-relief, these works extend into the physical space of the viewer, rejecting any remaining illusionistic possibility that the picture plane offers. They also further reduce Valntim’s palette, often employing only a single color over a pristine white background. While still using abstracted geometric forms, Valentim searched to deepen his connection to the art of Afro-Brazilian religious practice, and create paintings as a technology to interpret cosmological meaning. In the process of embodying this new task, the paintings grow increasingly ideographic, whereby sign and meaning fuse and representation itself is troubled.

Valentim’s work can be found in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo; Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro; Museu de Arte Moderna da Bahia; Museu de Arte de Brasília; Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP); Museu Afro Brasil, São Paulo; and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. His work has been exhibited at the Venice Biennale and the São Paulo Biennial. In 2019, he was the subject of a major retrospective exhibition, “ Rubem Valentim: Afro-Atlantic Constructions,” at MASP.

“Crossroads: Rubem Valentim’s 1960s” is organized by ICA Miami and curated by Gean Moreno, Director of the Art + Research Center at ICA Miami.

Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami (ICA)

61 NE 41st St.
Miami, FL 33137

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage

Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage
Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage

Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage

Through Mar 30, 2025

weekly on Sunday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday

From: 11:00 AM to 6:00 PM

Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage

Special Exhibition / 2nd Floor

The Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami, presents “Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage,” the artist’s first US solo museum exhibition. Keiichi Tanaami (1936-2024, Tokyo) has been a pioneering figure in Japanese and global Pop art for seven decades, creating magnificently immersive works across media in order to consider American and Japanese culture in the post-war period. Tanaami anticipated the crossover of popular culture and fine art, and through his connections to design has taken a radical and critical approach to how images of desire and violence transform society. Works included in this exhibition, produced between 1965 and 2024, track the artist’s use of collage to express the complex media landscape of our time.

Tanaami’s life and work are deeply informed by his upbringing in Japan, the trauma of the Second World War, and the country’s postwar reconstitution. Although the war had forced Tanaami and his mother to flee to the countryside in 1943, the massive United States air raids on Tokyo at the end of the conflict, as well as his experience in air raid shelters, had immense impact on the then-nine-year-old boy and continue to haunt his imagination. Tanaami’s hallucinatory works brim with American airplanes, search lights, monsters real and imagined, and fleeing masses. Sexual images permeate his works across decades, as do synthetic colors; Tanaami records popular culture commercializing desire in order to suppress the devastation of war. Tanaami graduated from the Musashino Art University, Kodaira, Japan, with a degree in graphic design in 1960. He forged a successful career in design and advertising, working as the first art director of Japanese Playboy and creating record covers for Jefferson Airplane and the Monkees, which contributed to the introduction of psychedelic culture in Japan.

During the 1960s, Taanami’s artistic practice frequently took the form of exuberant collages overflowing with clippings from international magazines. These dense collages are fascinating indexes of postwar visual culture, drawing from Western and Japanese news sources, commercial forms, and chapbooks. Tanaami would also elaborate on these fantastic sets of images through engagingly musical, surreal, and psychedelic animations that today are classics of avant-garde film.

Combining disparate media, Tanaami creates worlds that explore how war distorts perception through fragmentation, nightmares, and hallucinatory visions. During the 1970s, Tanaami’s iconic paintings combine idyllic landscapes with advertising, erotic imagery and anti-war slogans. Over subsequent decades, Tanaami would continually expand these worlds, quoting manga, theater and increasingly art history, from sources as varied as the sixteenth-century French School of Fontainebleau and Japanese woodblock (ukiyo-e). In recent years the artist has explored the role of the artist in visual culture through his Pleasure of Picasso (2020–) series, which make playful and technical use of appropriation and repetition while considering the flattening of social and commercial art and history today.

Additionally, the exhibition concisely surveys Tanaami’s recent work, a period of great productivity and experimentation for the artist. In epically large-scale painting and complex moving image, the artist has deployed technology to scale his kaleidoscopic visions. Through these radically produced, digitally printed and visually saturated paintings, Tanaami reflects on a contemporary regime of pervasive images, and the ever-present specter of history.

“Keiichi Tanaami: Memory Collage” is organized by ICA Miami and curated by Alex Gartenfeld,  Irma and Norman Braman Artistic Director, and Gean Moreno, Director of the Art + Research Center at ICA Miami, with the assistance of Donna Honarpisheh, Associate Curator of the Art + Research Center at ICA Miami.

Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami (ICA)

61 NE 41st St.
Miami, FL 33137

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

iWitness @ The Betsy: Kilombo

iWitness @ The Betsy: Kilombo
iWitness @ The Betsy: Kilombo

iWitness @ The Betsy: Kilombo

Through Mar 30, 2025

From: 07:00 PM to 09:00 PM

Join iWitness and The Betsy Hotel for the launch of Kilombo, an inspiring exhibition of documentary photography by award-winning photographer and visual anthropologist Maria Daniel Balcazar. Opening December 2, 2024, at The Betsy Hotel, Kilombo is a powerful tribute to the resilience and vibrancy of the African legacy in Brazil, captured through stunning large-scale images.

This exhibition marks the debut of iWitness @ The Betsy, a dynamic and ongoing collaboration that merges art, hospitality, and education. This exciting initiative is the result of a partnership between iWitness: IPC Institute of Visual Journalism, The Betsy Hotel, and the Wolfsonian Public Humanities Lab. Together, they aim to spark meaningful conversations about democracy, justice, and the vital role cultural traditions play in shaping identity.

Don’t miss the chance to witness the beginning of this powerful collaboration and celebrate the enduring influence of culture and heritage through the lens of documentary photography.

Art of Black Miami

The Betsy – South Beach

1440 Ocean Drive
Miami Beach, FL 33139

(305) 333-5142

Toll Free: 844-539-2840

[email protected]

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

Gustavo Nazareno: Afro-Latin Baroque

Opera Gallery_Gustavo Nazareno, Iku reading a poem for a pink sky, 2024
Opera Gallery_Gustavo Nazareno, Iku reading a poem for a pink sky, 2024

Opera Gallery Miami

Gustavo Nazareno: Afro-Latin Baroque

Through Mar 29, 2025

Mon-Sat : 11 AM – 8 PM | Sun: noon – 6 PM

Brazilian artist Gustavo Nazareno explores the rich intersection of cultural traditions through his compelling paintings that blend historical and contemporary influences. Gustavo Nazareno: Afro-Latin Baroque marks his first solo exhibition in the United States and will be on display at Opera Gallery from March 6-29.

This exhibition features 16 new paintings that delve into the intertwined legacies of faith, art and resilience within Afro-Brazilian and Latin American traditions. Running alongside his Bará charcoal drawing exhibition in Bal Harbour, the collection showcases Nazareno’s engagement with cultural syncretism and spirituality.

Rooted in the Afro-Brazilian artistic heritage of Minas Gerais, Nazareno’s work bridges the visual traditions of Brazilian Baroque masters with the spiritual aesthetics of Candomblé and Santería. His paintings employ chiaroscuro techniques reminiscent of Caravaggio while incorporating elements from contemporary fashion photography, creating compositions that feel both timeless and relevant.

The artist’s figures exist beyond traditional constraints, embodying an ethereal presence that blurs boundaries between the mythical and real. Through this body of work, Nazareno pays homage to the intertwined artistic legacies of Brazil and Cuba—lands shaped by resilience, faith and artistic expression.

By reinterpreting Baroque aesthetics through the lens of Afro-Brazilian spirituality, Nazareno invites viewers into a space of reflection and reimagined histories, continuing to push the boundaries of contemporary painting while engaging with historical traditions.

Videography © Gabriel Volpi

Opera Gallery Miami is pleased to present ‘Afro-Latin Baroque,’ a solo exhibition by Brazilian artist Gustavo Nazareno, marking his first solo presentation in the United States. Featuring 16 new paintings, this exhibition explores the intertwined legacies of faith, art, and resilience within Afro-Brazilian and Latin American traditions. Running alongside ‘Bará’ in Bal Harbour composed of charcoal drawings, ‘Afro-Latin Baroque’ showcases Nazareno’s deep engagement with cultural syncretism, spirituality, and the enduring power of artistic expression.

Nazareno’s work is rooted in the vibrant Afro-Brazilian artistic heritage of Minas Gerais and its complex relationship with Catholic iconography. Through a contemporary lens, he bridges the visual traditions of Brazilian Baroque masters such as Aleijadinho and Mestre Valentim with the spiritual aesthetics of Candomblé and Santería, creating compositions that feel both timeless and urgent. His paintings evoke the grandeur of Baroque theatricality, while embracing the ritualistic essence of Afro-Latin religious practices, forging a dialogue between historical legacies and contemporary identity.

In ‘Afro-Latin Baroque,’ Nazareno continues his exploration of duality—sacred and profane, light and shadow, movement and stillness. His figures resist fixed identities, existing beyond traditional gender or temporal constraints, embodying an ethereal presence that is both ghostly and divine. Drawing from the chiaroscuro techniques of Caravaggio and the expressive depth of contemporary fashion photography, his works blur the boundaries between the mythical and the real, evoking a sense of spiritual transcendence.

Speaking on the exhibition, Nazareno reflected, “This body of work is an homage to the intertwined legacies of Brazil and Cuba, two lands shaped by resilience, faith, and artistic brilliance. Through ‘Afro-Latin Baroque,’ I seek to explore the sacred convergence of Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian traditions, where the grandeur of Baroque art meets the vibrant spiritual essence of Candomblé and Santería.”

Through ‘Afro-Latin Baroque,’ Gustavo Nazareno continues to push the boundaries of contemporary painting, engaging with historical traditions while asserting a bold and deeply personal artistic vision. By reinterpreting Baroque aesthetics through the lens of Afro-Brazilian spirituality, he invites viewers into a space of reflection, reverence, and reimagined histories.

Opera Gallery Miami

151 NE 41st St., Suite 131
Miami, FL 33137

(305) 868-3337

[email protected]

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

Celebrating Art, Beauty and Cultural Legacy

Miami Art & Culture
Miami Art & Culture

Celebrating Art, Beauty and Cultural Legacy

Through Mar 23, 2025

Art, beauty and cultural resilience intertwine in this compelling multi-exhibition showcase. The Marshall L. Davis, Sr. African Heritage Cultural Arts Center presents Celebrating Art, Beauty and Cultural Legacy from December 1 through March 23.

The exhibition features three distinct installations. Margarette Joyner’s A Legacy of Elegance displays twelve colonial-era costumes that blend African textiles with 19th-century fashion, offering a reimagined perspective on historical high-society garments. Black Beauty as an Act of Resistance explores the significance of African-descended women’s beauty rituals through a recreated 1930s back-porch hair shop, highlighting the contributions of David and Laurel Julius, founders of the Sunlight School of Beauty Culture. Laurel Julius, who worked as a stylist for Madame CJ Walker, later established beauty schools with her husband in Alabama and Jamaica.

The third component, Double Exposure, showcases the work of A.J. Brown, lead singer of Third World Band. His acrylic paintings span various styles including portraiture, abstraction, landscape and still life, drawing inspiration from American, Jamaican, Ethiopian and Caribbean diaspora cultural traditions. Brown’s artistic vision combines his musical background with visual expressions of nature and cultural heritage.

Marshall L. Davis, Sr. African Heritage Cultural Arts Center

6161 NW 22nd Ave.
Miami, FL 33142

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

Drone Art Show Miami

Drone Art Show Miami
Drone Art Show Miami

Drone Art Show Miami

A Mesmerizing Fusion of Music and Technology: Drone Art Show Miami

Attending the Drone Art Show Miami at Miramar Regional Park was magical. This event masterfully blended the elegance of classical music with the cutting-edge spectacle of a choreographed drone display, transforming the night sky into a breathtaking, luminous canvas.

The atmosphere was enchanting from the moment the show began at 8 PM. Under a sky illuminated by candlelight, a talented string quartet performed classical masterpieces with precision and emotion, setting the perfect tone for the night. Just when the audience was lost in the beauty of the music, the drone art show began, turning the sky into a dynamic, ever-changing work of art. The synchronization between the drones and the music was impeccable—each light formation moving harmoniously with the melodies, creating a truly immersive experience.

The Miramar Regional Park provided an excellent setting for this open-air event, allowing guests to enjoy the spectacle without obstruction. The ADA-compliant venue ensured accessibility for all attendees, and while parking was available at an additional cost, arriving early was key to securing a good spot. The event organizers ensured everything ran smoothly, from door openings 90 minutes before the strict late-entry policy, which helped maintain the immersive experience for all.

At 65 minutes, the show was perfect—long enough to fully appreciate the artistry yet brief enough to leave the audience wanting more. The balance between music, technology, and visual storytelling was mesmerizing. It was an experience that felt both futuristic and timeless, proving that art, in all its forms, continues to evolve and inspire.

For anyone looking for a one-of-a-kind cultural experience, the Drone Art Show Miami is an absolute must-see. Whether you’re a fan of classical music, innovative technology, or simply looking for a unique night out, this event delivers an unforgettable evening under the stars.

Final Verdict: 5/5 – A stunning fusion of music, light, and innovation.

Drone Art Show Location in Miami

Miramar Regional Park

16801 Miramar Pkwy, Miramar, FL 33027, United States

  •  Dates: April 4 and 5
  •  Time: Show starts at 8 PM. Doors open 90 mins prior to the start time, and we encourage you to arrive early as late entry is not permitted.
  •  Duration: 65 minutes approx.
  •  Location: Miramar Regional Park
  •  Parking: Available at an additional cost. Parking will open around 6 PM.
  •  Accessibility: The venue is ADA compliant
  •  Age requirement: 8+
Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

A Fascinating and Eye-Opening Read on a Forgotten Modernist

Marlow Moss (Modern Women Artists) by Lucy Howarth
Marlow Moss (Modern Women Artists) by Lucy Howarth

A Fascinating and Eye-Opening Read on a Forgotten Modernist

Reviews: Marlow Moss (Modern Women Artists) by Lucy Howarth

As someone who loves art and is always eager to learn about artists beyond the usual canon, I find Lucy Howarth’s Marlow Moss (Modern Women Artists) fascinating. I had heard of Piet Mondrian and the De Stijl movement, but I had no idea how influential Marlow Moss was in shaping geometric abstraction. This book completely changed my perspective on modernist art and the overlooked role of women in its development.

Howarth does an excellent job of bringing Moss’s life and work to light. The book is well-researched and provides a compelling narrative of an artist who challenged artistic conventions and defied societal norms. I was particularly struck by Moss’s introduction of the double line—a technique Mondrian later adopted—which made me realize how often women’s contributions have been downplayed or erased from history.

What I appreciated most was how accessible and engaging the writing was. While it’s clear that Howarth is a scholar, she doesn’t overwhelm the reader with overly technical analysis. Instead, she presents Moss’s work in a way that makes you appreciate its significance, even if you’re not an art historian. The book is also beautifully illustrated with images of Moss’s paintings and sculptures, making it easy to see her unique vision and how it evolved.

Reading this book left me inspired but also frustrated at how little recognition Moss has received compared to her male counterparts. I wondered how many other women artists have been similarly overlooked. Marlow Moss (Modern Women Artists) is an important and necessary book, not just for those interested in modern art but for anyone who wants to understand the full story of art history.

I highly recommend this book to art lovers, students, and anyone who enjoys discovering hidden stories. It’s a must-read for those who appreciate modernism and want to explore beyond the usual names. Marlow Moss deserves to be known, and thanks to this book, she finally gets the attention she has long been denied.

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Eiderdown Books (September 9, 2019)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 64 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1916041620
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1916041622
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.08 x 0.43 x 7.8 inches
Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

De Stijl and Bauhaus

De Stijl and Bauhaus: The Revolutionary Visions that Shaped Modern Art and Design

The early 20th century was a period of unprecedented artistic transformation, spurred by the devastation of World War I and the growing embrace of modernity. Two movements—De Stijl in the Netherlands and Bauhaus in Germany—emerged as revolutionary forces, reshaping art, design, and architecture in ways that still resonate today. Though distinct in their philosophies and execution, both movements shared an unshakable belief in the unity of art and life.

De Stijl: The Birth of a New Artistic Consciousness

In 1917, a group of young Dutch artists came together to form a movement that embodied their vision of a new artistic era: De Stijl (The Style). Cofounded by painters Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian, De Stijl sought to move beyond the limitations of individual artistic expression and instead embrace a universal aesthetic. As the founders boldly declared:

“There is an old and a new consciousness of time. The old is connected with the individual. The new is connected with the universal.”

De Stijl artists believed that the rigid separation between art and life had to be abolished. Art was no longer a mere aesthetic pursuit; it was an essential component of constructing an ideal environment. The movement sought to create a “new, plastic unity” in which all creative disciplines—painting, architecture, design—were harmonized under a fixed set of principles. These principles, inspired by mathematical order and modernist ideals, emphasized pure abstraction, geometric forms, and a strict use of primary colors (red, blue, and yellow) alongside black, white, and gray.

Mondrian’s Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow (1930) exemplifies this philosophy, reducing painting to its most fundamental elements: straight lines, primary colors, and asymmetrical balance. Van Doesburg, meanwhile, expanded De Stijl’s reach into architecture and typography, influencing the modernist visual language that would become ubiquitous in the 20th century.

Bauhaus: The Marriage of Art, Craft, and Industry

Just two years after De Stijl’s formation, another radical artistic vision took root in Germany. In 1919, architect Walter Gropius was appointed director of the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts and promptly reimagined it as the Bauhaus—a revolutionary institution that would redefine the intersection of art, craftsmanship, and industrial design.

Gropius believed that the artificial divide between fine art and craft was obsolete. In his Bauhaus Manifesto, he declared that strong foundational design and craftsmanship were essential for all artistic disciplines. The Bauhaus curriculum was groundbreaking, offering not just painting and sculpture but also courses in furniture design, weaving, bookbinding, metalwork, typography, and industrial production.

What set the Bauhaus apart was its emphasis on preparing students for the modern industrial age. Unlike traditional art academies, which focused on individual artistic expression, the Bauhaus sought to integrate art into everyday life. Students were trained in machine-age technologies and mass production techniques, ensuring that their work was not only aesthetically striking but also functionally efficient.

The faculty of the Bauhaus included some of the most influential artists of the 20th century, including Vassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee, whose theories on color and form deeply influenced modern abstraction. The Bauhaus aesthetic—characterized by clean lines, geometric simplicity, and functionality—became a defining feature of modern design, shaping everything from architecture to graphic design.

The Fall and Legacy of Bauhaus

Despite its profound impact, the Bauhaus faced political resistance. When Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, one of his first acts was to shut down the school, suspecting that its progressive ideals and radicalized student body posed a threat to Nazi ideology. However, rather than extinguishing its influence, the closure of the Bauhaus only accelerated its spread. Many of its instructors, including Gropius, fled Germany, bringing Bauhaus principles to institutions around the world. Gropius himself ended up at Harvard University, where he continued to shape the future of modern architecture.

Enduring Influence: The Legacy of De Stijl and Bauhaus

While the De Stijl movement gradually faded after the death of van Doesburg in 1931, its principles remain embedded in contemporary design, influencing everything from minimalist architecture to corporate logos. Bauhaus, despite its short lifespan, became one of the most influential design movements in history, setting the foundation for modernist architecture, furniture, and graphic design.

Both movements challenged the idea that art was merely for aesthetic appreciation. Instead, they envisioned a world where art was seamlessly integrated into daily life, shaping everything from the buildings we inhabit to the objects we use. A century later, their radical visions continue to define the visual language of our modern world.

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

Collectors Round Table

Dahlia Dreszer
Dahlia Dreszer

‘Bringing the Outside In’ Presents: Collectors Round Table!

A Panel Discussion on Building Collections, Supporting Emerging Artists, and Market Dynamics in Contemporary Art

‘Bringing the Outside In’ presents a Collectors Round Table panel discussion featuring leading voices in the art world.

Green Space Miami is thrilled to announce Collectors Round Table, a captivating panel discussion featuring prominent voices in the contemporary art world. This event is part of the programming for the solo exhibition Bringing the Outside In by Dahlia Dreszer, on view from March to May 17th, 2025.

Join us on Wednesday, March 19th, 2025, at 7:00 PM at Green Space Miami Museum (7200 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33138) for an evening of insightful conversation, networking, and exploration of the art world’s most pressing topics.

RSVP Today!

Admission is free, but space is limited. Reserve your spot now to secure your place at this exclusive event.

RSVP Link: Eventbrite.com


Event Highlights

The Collectors Round Table will bring together a distinguished panel of art leaders to discuss:

  • Strategies for building and maintaining art collections
  • The importance of supporting emerging artists
  • Navigating market dynamics in contemporary art

Featured Panelists:

  • Kathryn Mikesell, Co-Founder and Executive Director of Fountainhead Arts
  • Mindy Solomon, Founder of the Mindy Solomon Gallery
  • Donnalynn Patakos, Art Advisor

About the Exhibition: Bringing the Outside In

Dahlia Dreszer’s solo exhibition transforms Green Space Miami into an immersive experience, exploring how homes become vessels for cultural memory and identity. Through tropical botanics, site-specific installations, and large-scale photographs featuring intricate arrangements of flowers, ancestral textiles, and cultural artifacts, the exhibition blurs the boundaries between interior and exterior worlds.

The exhibition is complemented by a live plant installation by Tournage, creating a dynamic and ever-evolving environment for visitors.

Exhibition Dates: March – May 17th, 2025
Public Hours: Wednesday – Sunday, 12:00 PM – 6:00 PM


Why Attend?

  • Gain insider knowledge from leading art collectors and advisors
  • Connect with fellow art enthusiasts and professionals
  • Explore the intersection of art, culture, and identity through Dahlia Dreszer’s groundbreaking exhibition

This event is a must-attend for collectors, artists, and anyone passionate about contemporary art and its evolving landscape.

About Green Space Miami

Green Space Miami is a dynamic cultural hub dedicated to showcasing innovative contemporary art and fostering meaningful dialogue within the community. Located in the heart of Miami, the museum is committed to supporting emerging artists and providing a platform for thought-provoking exhibitions and events.

Address: 7200 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33138
Website: @dahlia.dreszer

Join us for an unforgettable evening of art, conversation, and inspiration at the Collectors Round Table!

About the Artist

Born in Colombia and raised in Panama, Dahlia Dreszer is a photo-based artist whose work explores the intersection of identity, memory and heritage. Dreszer’s large-scale photographs transform cultural narratives into layered compositions that blur the boundaries between interiors of homes her family has lived in, and the outside world. Her immersive installations combine still-life images of flowers (an important symbol in the artist’s family history), textiles, and family heirlooms, creating a surrounding visually bursting with color and detail in which to explore a story of diaspora and belonging.
A graduate of Emory University specializing in photography, Dahlia’s approach challenges traditional still-life, merging reality and artifice, inviting viewers to explore the transient nature of culture and identity.

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI

CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI
CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI

CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI

Eduardo Planchart Licea

Considerado como uno de los grandes escultores del siglo XX (quizás el más famoso, desde luego el más caro), la influencia de
su obra es inabarcable. Perteneció a esos primeros vanguardistas arriesgados y originales que asentaron las bases del arte moderno. Esos que deambulaban por el París de principios de siglo. Con ellos, admiradores de la riqueza del arte primitivo (paleolítico en caso de Brancusi) y creadores de un nuevo lenguaje sin precedentes, allanaría el terreno para la posterior escultura,
pintura y diseño industrial.
Constantin Brancusi vivió una infancia llena de trabajos en el campo, de agricultor a ganadero. Después empleado en una tintorería, una droguería y finalmente en una posada, donde tendría su gran golpe de suerte. Durante una discusión, alguien lo desafió a
fabricar un violín y el joven, bendecido con un don en sus manos, convirtió una caja de naranjas en uno. Un gitano sacó música de él
y Brancusise ganaría la simpatía de uno de sus clientes, muy acaudalado que pagó sus estudios. Apenas sabía leer ni escribir. 4 años después, Brancusi sabía que su destino era ser escultor. De Bucarest viajó a París en 1904 e inició su carrera. Primero como lavaplatos, después bajo el ala de  Rodin y finalmente desarrollando su propio estilo junto a Modigliani, Picasso, Duchamp y compañía.
Inspirándose en el arte primitivo africano, y sobre todo en el arte prehistóricomediterráneo y balcánico, Brancusi fue simplificando las formas hasta volverlas tan geométricas que no podían ser otra cosa que abstracción, aún dejando ciertos rastros de figuración.
Formas puras y elementales que rozan lo espiritual. Esculturas cargadas de ancestrales simbolismos (el pájaro, el cilindro alargado,
el huevo…) que con un trabajado pulido del material se convirtieron en símbolos por sí mismas.
Su «militancia» en el arte moderno dio lugar a uno de los primeras anécdotas de la historia sobre este concepto, que como sabemos fueron muchas y tan divertidas como delirantes y ridículas. En 1926 las aduanas estadounidenses consideraron que su «Pájaro en el espacio» no era una obra de arte sino un extraño objeto manufacturado en el extranjero a saber para que motivos y por tanto sujeto al pago de una tasa. Tras 4 años de juicios la sentencia dictaminó que efectivamente se trataba de una obra de arte y Brancusi quedó exento de pagar, algo que, según dicen, no divirtió demasiado al escultor, que era un hombre arisco, excesivamente antisocial y convencido misántropo.

“Hay imbéciles que dicen que mi obra es abstracta; eso que ellos llaman abstracto es lo más realista, porque lo que es real no es el exterior sino la idea, la esencia de las cosas.”

Este film fue realizado por Brancusis yMan ray en 0ylos 40, es inédito.

Perez Art Museum PAMM
Pérez Art Museum Miami

La aventura estético espiritual de Rafael Montilla

Black Square by Kazimir_Malevich
Black Square is an iconic painting by Kazimir Malevich.

Rafael Montilla, Diario de la India

Eduardo Planchart Licea
PhD Historia de Arte Latinoamericana UNAM

“Las escaleras de los terraplenes estaban pintadas de blanco con dibujos rojos junto a llamativos templos, unos al lado de otros de colores diferentes, eran como pinturas de abstracciones geométricas de diversos colores, tonalidades, texturas, combinaciones, armonías y atributos de formas; con colores similares a las decenas de saris de mujeres y niñas que se bañaban juntas una al lado de la otra, en las orillas donde el canvas era el Ganges.” (Rafael Montilla, Diarios de la India, 1993).

La abstracción pictórica de la serie Variaciones (2018-2021) de Rafael Montilla, artista caraqueño radicado en Miami, crea un lenguaje visual alejado de lo figurativo, lo anecdótico y lo narrativo, al asumir una estética que materializa lo trascendente para comunicar vivencias, cual alquimista del Ser. En la historia del arte moderno occidental, esta aventura estética la inició una serie de cuadros paradigmáticos, con títulos que rompían con la tradición poética del titular, eran nombres inverosímiles y anti-poéticos como: Cuadrado Blanco sobre Negro, 1913; Cuadrado Negro sobre Negro, 1915. Provocaron revuelo, escándalo y perplejidad, a pesar de haber surgido en un contexto histórico donde todo parecía estar cambiando por el advenimiento de la utopía comunista en Rusia, que devino en pocos años en distopía genocida. Al exponerse aquellos cuadros negros y blancos monocromos en la exposición 0.10, 1915 en Petrogrado, el mundo cultural clamó escandalizado: el arte había muerto. Afortunadamente no era así, el ucraniano K. Malevich (1835-1935) estaba creando un arte inspirado en los iconos rusos y en su misticismo. Décadas después, esta senda la asumió M. Rothko (1903-1970), al abandonar el expresionismo para adentrarse en el abstraccionismo geométrico como vía de acercamiento a lo sagrado, al concientizar que toda su vida había estado recreando mitos arcaicos. Estas son algunas de las propuestas fundacionales del arte del siglo XX, que fundamentan el lenguaje visual de Rafael Montilla. No podríamos dejar de mencionar su admiración por el rumano C. Brancusi (1876-1957), hacedor de obras dominadas por el anhelo de plena libertad, fundamentadas en el simbolismo de la ascensión y el vuelo en sus innumerables versiones de aves en esculturas de madera, piedra, bronce…, siendo su obra cumbre La Columna sin Fin, 1934-1938, 15 módulos romboidales de hierro cubiertos de aluminio, con un recubrimiento orgánico de 30 metros de altura en Targa Gu, Rumania, complejo escultórico en homenaje a los soldados rumanos caídos en la Primera Guerra Mundial, integrado por la Tabla del Silencio y La Puerta del Beso. “Este es el mensaje de mi columna, visto por la Mesa del Silencio y La Puerta del Beso… arden como una inmensa fogata… que se transforme en iluminación con el fin de unir el cielo con la tierra.” (Constantin Brancusi). Arte hierofánico inspirado en el arte popular rumano, en las columnas romboidales de las casas tradicionales, esta búsqueda de Brancusi lo llevó a crear esculturas como El Espíritu de Buda, 1933, que afirman una abstracción cuyo objetivo es crear metáforas de lo sagrado.

Esta aventura estético-espiritual la asume R. Montilla a través de la abstracción geométrica y las vivencias de su peregrinación por la ancestral India, experiencia que ha ido transmutando en arte en series como Variaciones (2018-2021). Cada una de estas pinturas nace de la investigación teórica y en el trabajo de taller. Esto se evidencia en el cuadro Variación 0.113, 2020, donde una línea amarilla resplandeciente genera tensiones entre franjas y fragmentos de cubos deconstruidos, sobre fondos de amarillo azafranado, generando tensiones entre dos intensidades cromáticas, que contrastan con la otra mitad del cuadro dominada por el negro, negación del color que hace referencia a la oscuridad nocturna, metáfora de los agujeros negros siderales. En cuya superficie levitan líneas rosáceas y rojas, develando progresiones emocionales. Se establece un símil al tránsito de la ignorancia a la iluminación. Solapándose significaciones para que el otro tenga el gozo cognitivo y existencial de descubrirlas, vivencias internas incomunicables, tal como lo sería el racionalizar el impacto sensible de los conciertos de Brandenburgo de J.S. Bach. Crea así esta pintura contrastes que, al alejarse de la realidad, indagan en lo que no vemos sino en lo oculto y lo presentido.

La Variación 0.114 es dominada por el blanco, absorción sintética del todo, unidad fusionada con la totalidad cromática como génesis. Es un plano de color que por su pureza acerca al receptor a la blancura de las nubes, que al tornarse grises pueden provocar chubascos, para dar nacimiento a mantos de vida al abrazar la lluvia la tierra. Color asociado también a la espuma marina que nace de las profundidades oceánicas para regalar su espumosa blancura entre rompientes ecos. Existe una compleja simbología alrededor del blanco, pero en la obra de R. Montilla se impone la ética y la mística, crea un fragmento de cubo deconstruido verde y gris entre la resplandeciente blancura. Esta Variación emana armonía al evadir la violencia de los contrastes cromáticos. A diferencia de la Variación 0.115, 2020, en donde el fondo blanco es invadido por un fragmento de cubo rojo, color asociado a la sangre, la vida, al amor apasionado, al ardor del guerrero, así cuando el héroe celta Cuchulain es dominado por la ira, su cabeza es rodeada por una corona de fuego flameante, que en el mito es neutralizada por la vergüenza que le provoca al héroe la desnudez de las doncellas que se despojan de sus vestiduras, para sofocar su incandescente cólera. Es la belleza, eros y la seducción como vía de neutralizar el tanático furor guerrero. Dialéctica que recreó Botticelli en el Renacimiento en el cuadro Venus y Marte, 1483, para evidenciar el equilibrio que debe tener eros sobre tánatos. Sentido también presente en esta Variación, donde la ira, la pasión y el belicismo del rojo son neutralizados por la pureza y la inocencia de la blancura.

Cada uno de estos cuadros se convierte en una lectura abierta, manifestación de lo numinoso, dialéctica llamada por los griegos hierofanía, y por el hinduismo budista darsana. Dos extremos laterales de cubos deconstruidos entrelazan la Variación 0.112, 2018, en el primer plano destaca una franja amarilla que pareciera saltar fuera del cuadro, pintados sobre azul celeste. En un segundo plano se percibe otra franja de colores suaves: rosados, blancos, ocres, verdes que contrastan con fragmentos de líneas rojizas. Se está ante una melodía cromática que comunica lo indecible, que anuncia el milagroso peregrinar uránico del astro solar como símil de la iluminación mística.

El amarillo domina el plano de la Variación 0.107, 2019, a través de una primera mirada un observador incauto podría percibir un plano solar, en un primer nivel sería acertada esta conjetura. Pero el tramado de líneas paralelas y entrecruzadas genera otro nivel semántico que se relacionaría a las abstracciones de Pierre Mondrian (1782-1944), influenciado por Madame Blavatsky y la teosofía. En cuadros como Broadway Boogie-Woogie, 1943, al crear una estética que buscaba expresar la fuerza y la armonía del universo, con una paleta limitada a colores primarios y líneas que asocian lo horizontales a la pasividad, y la verticalidad a la actividad. En estas últimas versiones, Mondrian representa la retícula de la dinámica ciudad de Nueva York, y su pasión por el jazz que le transmite a los cambios cromáticos un ritmo musical que impregna esta icónica serie. Las franjas de líneas de la Variación 0.107 no se fragmentan ni cambian abruptamente como los colores y el ritmo musical de Broadway Boogie-Woogie, sino hay un continuo cromático de líneas verdes, que crean un discurso geométrico de franjas paralelas entrecruzadas. La superior se pliega sobre sí en un cuadrado, y la inferior se complementa en una serie de estructuras que penetran el amarillo como muelles de un acuoso río, haciendo referencia al color del Ganges que tiende al amarillo y a los marrones propios de las turbulentas aguas que vienen de las alturas del Himalaya al fluir por Varanasi, se encuentran con terraplenes y escaleras desde donde los devotos se sumergen en las turbias aguas para liberarse del karma y del imperturbable ciclo de reencarnaciones, como los hindúes perciben la existencia.

El sentido de este cuadro se revela en el Diario de la India del artista, al rememorar las experiencias vividas en el Ganges: “Disfrutaba mucho los amaneceres con sus múltiples colores en diversas tonalidades y brillos, que cambiaban a cada segundo con el ascenso del sol. Los blancos, grises, rojos, amarillos, azules, anaranjados, verdes, morados contrastan con los coloridos saris que las mujeres lavaban junto a todo tipo de ropa de vestir; mis ojos eran atrapados por la abstracción geométrica que formaban las sábanas, manteles, cobijas, fundas, paños cuadrados, rectangulares lavados y extendidos sobre las escaleras para que el sol los secara.” (Diario de la India, 1993).

El formato de Variación 0.126 crea una atmósfera lúdica de formas que parecieran estar construyéndose y deconstruyéndose en bandas, cual caleidoscopio giratorio de color y forma, la obra se convierte en poiesis esotérica que lleva del no-ser al ser. El de formato irregular está caracterizado por una geométrica poligonal, encerrada sobre sí, negada a una simetría perfecta. Las líneas que lo rodean parecieran transformarse debido a la energía potencial que emanan. El plano de color posee diversas tonalidades de amarillos, que asocian la obra a lo solar y a su peregrinar celeste. Este dinamismo perpetuo se revela en la forma hexagonal, con sus seis lados, en cuyo interior palpita un polígono. Dinámica geométrica que expresa la energía cósmica, a la búsqueda de un reacomodo por el movimiento interior que se desprende de su centro, que pareciera estar transformándose en potenciales giros, en una silenciosa danza que se visualiza por las bandas cromáticas que se le desprenden, analogía al descorrer del velo de la ignorancia. Tal cual como cuando un mándala es internalizado por el iniciado, al generar transformaciones en la dimensión interior del meditante, al adentrarse en sus laberintos mentales y combatir sombras y demonios para reencontrarse consigo mismo. Estas geometrías sacras generan progresiones matemáticas que llevan de la multiplicidad a la unidad como expresión de la divinidad (uno = todo). Tensiones simbólicas paralelas a la cromática que van del amarillo-lumínico al blanco, para transitar a los marrones como expresión de lo telúrico.

En contraste, la Variación 0.19 es dominada por un vértice triangular rojo entre un fondo de azul celeste, asociado al festival ritual de la India del Holi, que se celebra en primavera. El rojo es predominante en el ritual colectivo entremezclado con gamas de verde y marrones para promover simbólicamente las lluvias y las buenas cosechas.

Estamos, por tanto, en la obra pictórica de Rafael Montilla, en un lenguaje que está creando un abecedario plástico y simbólico a través de sus abstracciones del Ser, que busca que el público sea motivado por la estética a evadir la ignorancia de la ilusoria trama que es la realidad, para poder ver más allá de la maya, y poder escapar al cartesiano “pienso luego existo”, y adentrarse en el “Soy y luego existo” propio de la filosofía oriental, creador de rupturas ontológicas-existenciales en la conciencia al transformar la forma de ver, sentir, amar y vivir.

Analisis:

Este texto de Eduardo Planchart Licea sobre Rafael Montilla y su obra Variaciones es una profunda reflexión que conecta la abstracción visual con dimensiones espirituales y filosóficas. La comparación de Montilla con los grandes maestros de la abstracción, como Malevich, Rothko y Brancusi, destaca el enfoque de Montilla hacia lo trascendental, buscando el alma de las formas a través de colores y composiciones geométricas que evocan experiencias místicas.

Lo interesante de este análisis es cómo se inserta la obra de Montilla dentro de un contexto más amplio de la historia del arte moderno y la conexión con lo espiritual. Al igual que Rothko, quien utilizaba el color para alcanzar lo sagrado, Montilla crea una atmósfera en la que las formas geométricas no sólo están aisladas como elementos visuales, sino como vehículos de experiencia interna. Este texto sugiere que Montilla no está simplemente pintando abstracto, sino que está creando un lenguaje simbólico cargado de significados cósmicos y filosóficos.

La referencia a la India y su influencia en la obra de Montilla es particularmente relevante. La relación con el misticismo hindú, los rituales y la percepción del mundo en términos no dualistas, reflejada en el concepto de “Soy y luego existo”, nos remite a una forma de ver el arte no como una representación de la realidad, sino como un medio para experimentar y trascender esa realidad. Montilla, por lo tanto, no es solo un pintor; es un alquimista visual que transforma la abstracción en un portal hacia una conciencia más profunda.

Además, el texto resalta el uso simbólico del color en sus obras, como el amarillo (símbolo de lo solar y lo espiritual) y el rojo (pasión, vida, guerra), creando tensiones emocionales y visuales que reflejan el conflicto entre lo material y lo inmaterial, lo humano y lo divino. Este contraste cromático es una metáfora del viaje del alma, en la que las emociones y las experiencias interiores se condensan en formas geométricas que invitan al espectador a una reflexión más allá de la superficie.

En resumen, el texto de Planchart Licea no solo describe las obras de Montilla, sino que las contextualiza dentro de un universo de ideas y símbolos que buscan trascender la experiencia visual para tocar lo esencial. La pintura se convierte en un lenguaje de revelación, un espacio donde lo inmenso y lo íntimo se encuentran. La obra de Montilla, como la de sus predecesores en la abstracción, desafía la percepción convencional del arte, invitando a los espectadores a explorar lo invisible y lo eterno a través de lo visual.

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Juanita Reverón

Armando Reverón y Juanita Mota de Reverón
Armando Reverón y Juanita Mota de Reverón

Juanita Reverón

La historia de Armando Reverón y Juanita Mota de Reverón está envuelta en un aura de magia, tragedia y delirio. En este texto, la desaparición de Reverón no solo sella el destino de Juanita, sino que transforma el mítico Castillete en un escenario de espectros y ausencias. Con una prosa poética y evocadora, se teje un relato donde la identidad se desdobla y la locura se convierte en una forma de resistencia ante la pérdida. La luz y la sombra, elementos esenciales en la obra del maestro, cobran aquí un significado existencial, marcando el tránsito entre el olvido y la persistencia de la memoria.

Este texto fue extraído del perfil de Facebook de Daniel Hernández (https://www.facebook.com/danher50)

Por Víctor Mosqueda Allegri

Cuando Reverón fue enviado al manicomio por última vez y para siempre, Juanita rápidamente murió de tristeza, dicen los cronistas. Murió ahogada por la espuma blanca, prístina y cegadora, de un oleaje de recuerdos; murió aplastada por la oscuridad de El Castillete, donde la luz había decidido partir junto con Reverón para no volver; murió de silencio y melancolía. Murió de cordura y abandono; porque incluso el último de los Panchos decidió marcharse, sin ánimos de mirar atrás. Tomó una maletita de cuero, y metió allí algunos de sus cachivaches y medio racimo de cambures. Se marchó a la selva que rodea las playas de Macuto, para alfabetizar a los monos que se encontrara en su camino, y enseñarles a usar, también, tenedores, corbatines y sombreros. Con el último Pancho y la luz, también se fueron las visitas. Juanita se quedó sola en un rancho laberíntico lleno de muñecas; en un harem de concubinas enamoradas, sin su señor. Pero también las muñecas empezaron a marcharse poco a poco. Cada noche, Juanita contaba a sus compañeras y a la mañana siguiente una hacía falta. Algunas aparentemente lograban escapar ilesas. Pero a otras las encontró a medio camino de huida. Una despeñada por el desfiladero delante del rancho, siendo devorada por los cangrejos de la playa. Otra, destazada en los bordes de la selva, quizás por un cunaguaro o algún felino mayor. Una última destripada por zamuros daltónicos, que no hacían diferencia entre trapo sucio y carne humana.

Pero todo acabó cuando se terminaron de marchar los pájaros. En la malla del patio, no quedaban ni los piojos de algún pajarito de papel. Sólo entonces, la luz terminó de abandonar cada espacio respirable, y las tinieblas inundaron El Castillete. Juanita tuvo que aprender a caminar a tientas, a vivir a tientas, como un ciego, como un lúcido, incluso a plena luz del abrasador sol de la costa. No era posible ver un solo color en kilómetros de paisaje; ni amarillo, ni verde, ni naranja, ni azul… ni mucho menos blanco.

Juanita entonces abrió el baúl de Armando y sacó sus ropas. Cosió y descosió a ciegas y los arremendó a su medida. Se puso la ropa raída encima y se subió a un cocotero. Despeinó docenas de cocos y con sus pelos se hizo una barba poblada, con la que adornó la mitad de su cara y se hizo también un vello corto y rizado que rellenó buena parte de su pecho y abdomen. Cambió el color de su piel con los patuques blancos de Armando. Buscó los pinceles, las telas, el atril, se sacó la camisa, se ató un mecate fuertemente a la cintura, tan fuerte que cortaba la respiración y las ideas, y comenzó a pintar. Poco a poco Juanita se fue diluyendo de El Castillete, y la luz comenzó su lento regreso. Con Armando Reverón una vez más en su rancho trabajando todo el día, un nuevo Pancho se presentó para el oficio de portero, las muñecas regresaron del más allá, por medio de ritos espeluznantes que la misma noche realizó, los pájaros volvieron, esta vez con esposas e hijos, y las visitas comenzaron a tocar a la puerta esperanzadas de ver al maestro.

Mientras tanto, en la celda de un psiquiátrico, moría rápidamente Juanita Mota, de tristeza, de soledad, de oscuridad y de cordura. Armando, en su rancho, la dibujaba día y noche, con el recuerdo fijo en una obsesión, tratando de traerla de regreso, y con ella, al resto de la luz.

Comentario de Sandro Oramas

Poético y conmovedor este texto pero obviamente lejos de la realidad. Si bien admiro y respeto el autor, siento la obligación de aclarar, más allá de lo que pudiera aportar este el ejército literario y narrativo, que Juanita no murió inmediatamente después de su esposo (Reverón) sino muchos años más tarde. No murió en la celda de un psiquiátrico ni abandonada, todo lo contrario, murió acompañada por sus vecinos de la comunidad y allegados quienes la cuidaron hasta sus últimos días en el castillete. De esto y más soy testigo porque la conocí personalmente. Apenas tenía 10 años. Pernocté en el castillete compartiendo a temprana edad las tareas museológicas de mis padres mientras trabajaban en el rescate las muñecas y objetos de utilería artística de Reverón para convertir el castillete en un museo, que inauguró más tarde nuestro querido Aquiles Nazoa. Aún las telas vírgenes de Reverón colgaban del techo del Caney central y Juanita nos preparaba el desayuno en la vieja cocina donde por años cocinó para su adorado Armandito. El olor de las muñecas mezclado con el aroma del salitre e impregnaba el reluciente verdor de las mañana en el castillete. Una imagen que me quedó literalmente tatuada en la memoria. Por eso puedo hablar con propiedad ya que soy de las últimas personas que tuvieron el privilegio de vivir desde las entrañas del tiempo el espacio vivencial de Reverón. Creo que si bien todos tenemos la libertad de idealizar e inspirarnos con las figuras de Reverón y Juanita, también demasiados mitos y desafortunadas leyendas se han sembrado en el imaginario popular y la historiografía de lo que fué la verdadera identidad y vida del pintor y su consorte. De allí una imagen trillada de “el loco de Macuto” y de Juanita Mota la musa “negra” del artista perverso, cuando en realidad Juanita era simplemente una mujer sencilla del pueblo que Reverón veneró no solo como modelo sino como a una virgen hasta el final de sus días. Dignifiquemos entonces la imagen y genio del artista y su consorte con el mayor respeto a su memoria, como un patrimonio ejemplar del genio creador de los venezolanos.

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TOLEDO MUSEUM OF ART ANNOUNCES UPCOMING GENERATEIVE ART EXHIBITION AND THE 2025 DIGITAL ARTISTS IN RESIDENCE

Quayola, Jardins d'Ete, 2017. Single-channel video with sound, 43:12 min. Photo © Quayola, courtesy of the artist
Quayola, Jardins d'Ete, 2017. Single-channel video with sound, 43:12 min. Photo © Quayola, courtesy of the artist

TOLEDO MUSEUM OF ART ANNOUNCES UPCOMING GENERATEIVE ART EXHIBITION AND THE 2025 DIGITAL ARTISTS IN RESIDENCE
 
INFINITE IMAGES, A BOUNDARY-PUSHING DIGITAL ART EXHIBITION WILL OPEN TO THE PUBLIC ON JULY 12
 
EMILY XIE AND DANIEL HERNANDEZ HAVE BEEN NAMED THE 2025 TMA LABS DIGITAL ARTISTS IN RESIDENCEE 

The Toledo Museum of Art (TMA) is pleased to announce Infinite Images: The Art of Algorithms. A generative art exhibition curated by digital art expert Julia Kaganskiy, will be on view from July 12 – November 30, 2025. In addition, Emily Xie and Daniel Hernandez have been named the 2025 TMA Labs Digital Artists in Residence. The culmination of their work will be exhibited in the museum in September with more details to follow in the coming months.

Infinite Images: The Art of Algorithms explores the history and evolution of generative art, emphasizing its foundational role before AI-generated imagery. Generative art, which relies on rule-based systems—whether written instructions or coded algorithms—has existed since at least the 1960s, with precedents in 13th-century Islamic tile work. The exhibition highlights pioneers like Vera Molnar, who developed algorithmic processes before using a computer, alongside artists from Minimalism, Conceptual Art, Bauhaus, and Concrete Art.

Featuring works by 24 artists, Infinite Images examines themes of Chance and Control, Digital Materiality, and Coded Nature, showcasing both digital and physical works, including large-scale installations by Sarah Meyohas, Operator, and Sam Spratt. Interactive experiences invite audiences to engage with the procedural nature of generative art. This survey exhibition will be one of the first of its kind at a historic American art museum. The exhibition will showcase work by Sofia Crespo, Tyler Hobbs, Vera Molnar, Casey Reas, Quayola, Snowfro, and 2025 TMA Labs Artist in Residence Emily Xie, among many others. Infinite Images demonstrates TMA’s status as an innovator, existing at the crossroads of digital art and traditional museological programming.

Building on the success of the 2023 and 2024 Digital Artist Residency Programs, TMA, under the banner of its digital arts-focused venture, TMA Labs, has invited Emily Xie and Daniel Hernandez to participate in the 2025 edition. Xie is a New York City-based visual artist who works with code and computation to create lifelike textures and forms. Her digital artworks explore the evolving relationships between diverse materials and mythology, memory, tradition, and heritage. Toledo-based Hernandez is similarly interested in conveying a visual dialogue surrounding mythology and contemporary forms through his work. His colorful works act as contemporary retellings of historic mythological and religious tales. Xie and Hernandez will work together for the entirety of the residency to create an array of new artworks that will eventually be put on public display in September 2025. Formal opening date to be shared soon.

About Toledo Museum of Art 
Recently named the 2025 Best Art Museum in the USA TODAY 10 Best Readers’ Choice Awards, the Toledo Museum of Art (TMA) is a beloved cultural institution in Toledo, Ohio, and a global leader in the museum field. Established in 1901, its renowned collection features over 25,000 works, ranging from antiquity to contemporary art, and includes one of the finest collections of glass in the world. Situated on a 40-acre campus, TMA integrates art into people’s lives through its world-class collection, engaging exhibitions, robust educational programs, and community outreach.  

Admission and parking to TMA are always free, welcoming everyone to explore its galleries. The museum is open Wednesday, Thursday, and Sunday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Friday and Saturday from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. It is closed on Monday, Tuesday, and select holidays. TMA is located at 2445 Monroe Street Toledo, OH 43620., just one block off I-75, with exit signs posted for easy access. For more information, call 419-255-8000 or visit toledomuseum.org

About TMA Labs
The development of TMA Labs was inspired by the Toledo Museum of Art’s desire to become the lead museum innovator in the web3 and digital art space. TMA Labs is committed to engaging both local and global communities through the utilization of technology to support the museum’s mission to integrate art into the lives of people.    

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About Julia Kaganskiy
Julia Kaganskiy is an independent curator based in New York City. She has been working at the forefront of art and technology since 2008 as a curator, editor, and cultural strategist. She was the founding director of NEW INC, the first museum-led incubator for art, design and technology at the New Museum. She has conceived and organized exhibitions for HEK (Basel), LAS Art Foundation (Berlin), Matadero Madrid (Madrid), 180 the Strand (London), Borusan Contemporary (Istanbul), Science Gallery (Dublin), Eyebeam (New York City) and many others.

Visitor Information
The Toledo Museum of Art is a nonprofit arts institution funded through individual donations, foundation grants, corporate sponsorships, and investments. Admission to the Museum is always free. For general information, visitors can call 419-255-8000 or 800-644-6862 or visit toledomuseum.org.

Hours
​Wednesday, Thursday, Sunday, 11 a.m.–5 p.m.
Friday, Saturday, 11a.m–8 p.m.
TMA is closed on Monday, Tuesday, and select holidays.

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Décio Noviello Pop Subversion

Décio Noviello Pop Subversion
Décio Noviello Pop Subversion

Décio Noviello Pop Subversion

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5 February – 28 March 2025 PV: 6 February, 6 – 8pm

Décio Noviello (1929-2019), a key figure in Brazil’s pop art and avant-garde movements in the 1960s and 1970s, stands as a testament to the transformative power of art in addressing political, cultural, and societal issues. This is his first exhibition in London and coincides with the Royal Academy’s ‘Brazil! Brazil!’ spring exhibition and the current renewed interest in South American art.
A self-taught artist, Noviello began his practice whilst enrolled as a cadet during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964 to 1985). Characterized by political repression, censorship, and widespread human rights abuses, the government gained sweeping powers to dissolve Congress, censor media, and silence critics. Despite the repression, resistance movements emerged, including artists, intellectuals, and activists who used their platforms to challenge the regime and advocate for democracy, risking arrest, torture, exile, and death. Two pivotal movements—the neo-avant-garde and pop art—redefined Brazilian contemporary art in response to this oppressive climate.
Décio Noviello’s work is embodied by his bold use of color and playful yet subversive imagery. While he embraced the aesthetics of pop art, he infused his work with a distinctly Brazilian sensibility, incorporating elements of local culture, history, and politics to celebrate Brazil’s cultural identity while critiquing the military regime. He gained recognition by winning several prestigious awards at art salons nationwide. His breakthrough came from participating in the 10th São Paulo Biennial in 1969.
A multidisciplinary artist, his work, which extended to conceptual and performance art, carnival decorations, theatrical costumes, and set designs, cemented his reputation as a multifaceted artist capable of bridging diverse artistic disciplines. With his ability to merge high art with popular traditions, he and other artist contemporaries such as Hélio Oiticica and Antônio Dias brought politically charged art into the public sphere, energizing local communities.
In 1970, during the Semana de Arte de Vanguarda (Avant-Garde Art Week), Noviello detonated colored grenades in Belo Horizonte’s Municipal Park, filling the green park with bursts of color. This was a striking visual spectacle and a powerful commentary on disruption and transformation. Noviello later described the act as an “intervention in the landscape,” emphasizing his intention to challenge the monotony of everyday life and inspire new ways of seeing.
Noviello’s interdisciplinary approach also extended to education. Between 1950 and 1960, he served as an army officer and a professor at the Escola de Belas Artes and the University of Minas Gerais. He mentored countless students, sharing his innovative techniques and encouraging them to explore art as a tool for social commentary.
His influence as an educator ensured that his legacy would endure through the work of younger generations. By the time of his retrospective at the Museu Mineiro in 2016, Noviello had become a defining figure in Brazilian contemporary art. His works celebrated in institutions like São Paulo’s Museum of Modern Art and the Walker Art Center’s 2015 ‘International Pop’ exhibition, which traveled to the Dallas Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art, encapsulate the avant-garde and pop art movements’ defiance of Brazil’s dictatorship. Artists like Noviello and Oiticica proved the power of creative expression to confront political oppression and shape cultural identity, leaving a legacy of enduring impact on art and activism.

Bio.

Décio Noviello (1929-2019), a key figure in Brazil’s pop art and avant-garde movements in the 1960s and 1970s, stands as a testament to the transformative power of art in addressing political, cultural, and societal issues. This is the first exhibition of his in London and coincides with the Royal Academy’s ‘Brazil! Brazil!’ spring exhibition, along with the current renewed interest in South American art.
A self-taught artist, Noviello began his practice whilst enrolled as a cadet during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964 to 1985). Characterized by political repression, censorship, and widespread human rights abuses, the government gained sweeping powers to dissolve Congress, censor media, and silence critics. Despite the repression, resistance movements emerged, including artists, intellectuals, and activists who used their platforms to challenge the regime and advocate for democracy, risking arrest, torture, exile, and death. Two pivotal movements—the neo-avant-garde and pop art—redefined Brazilian contemporary art in response to this oppressive climate.
Décio Noviello’s work is embodied by his bold use of color and playful yet subversive imagery. While he embraced the aesthetics of pop art, he infused his work with a distinctly Brazilian sensibility, incorporating elements of local culture, history, and politics to celebrate Brazil’s cultural identity while critiquing the military regime. He gained recognition by winning several prestigious awards at art salons across the country. His breakthrough came with his participation in the 10th São Paulo Biennial in 1969.
A multidisciplinary artist, his work, which extended to conceptual and performance art, carnival decorations, theatrical costumes, and set designs, cemented his reputation as a multifaceted artist capable of bridging diverse artistic disciplines. With his ability to merge high art with popular traditions, he and other artist contemporaries such as Hélio Oiticica and Antônio Dias brought politically charged art into the public sphere, energizing local communities.
In 1970, during the Semana de Arte de Vanguarda (Avant-Garde Art Week), Noviello detonated colored grenades in Belo Horizonte’s Municipal Park, filling the green park with bursts of color. This was not only a striking visual spectacle but also a powerful commentary on disruption and transformation. Noviello later described the act as an “intervention in the landscape,” emphasizing his intention to challenge the monotony of everyday life and inspire new ways of seeing.
Noviello’s interdisciplinary approach also extended to education. Between 1950 and 1960, he served as an army officer and then as a professor at the Escola de Belas Artes and the University of Minas Gerais. He mentored countless students, sharing his innovative techniques and encouraging them to explore art as a tool for social commentary.
His influence as an educator ensured that his legacy would endure through the work of younger generations. By the time of his retrospective at the Museu Mineiro in 2016, Noviello had become a defining figure in Brazilian contemporary art. His works celebrated in institutions like São Paulo’s Museum of Modern Art and the Walker Art Center’s 2015 ‘International Pop’ exhibition, which traveled to the Dallas Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art, encapsulate the avant-garde and pop art movements’ defiance of Brazil’s dictatorship. Artists like Noviello and Oiticica proved the power of creative expression to confront political oppression and shape cultural identity, leaving a legacy of enduring impact on art and activism.

Cover image: Decio Noviello, 3 Horizante (Detail), 1969, Acrylic on canvas, 100 x 100 cm

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Perez Art Museum PAMM
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Artists 20th and 21st-century art

Jean Albert Gorin
Jean Albert Gorin

These diverse artists, each carving a unique space in the history of 20th and 21st-century art:

  • Billy Apple®: A conceptual pioneer, Apple’s work interrogates the very definition of art and authorship. From changing his birth name to a trademarked logo to his explorations of corporate identity and the art market, his practice is a relentless critique of art’s commodification and institutionalization.
  • Armando: Dutch painter, sculptor, and writer; Armando’s work grapples with the lingering trauma of World War II. His paintings and sculptures, often characterized by raw, gestural marks and somber tones, explore themes of guilt, memory, and the “guilty landscape.”
  • Imre Bak: A key figure in Hungarian Neo-Avant-Garde, Bak’s paintings are marked by geometric abstraction and a vibrant color palette. His work often references architectural forms and optical illusions, creating a dynamic interplay between space and perception.
  • Hans Bellmer: Known for his unsettling and provocative sculptures and photographs of dolls, Bellmer’s work delves into the darker recesses of the human psyche. His exploration of sexuality, fetishism, and the fragmented body remains both disturbing and compelling.
  • Stephen Buckley: British painter and sculptor Buckley’s work is characterized by its playful and experimental approach to materials and form. He often incorporates unconventional materials and techniques, creating works that blur the lines between painting and sculpture.
  • Feliza Bursztyn: Colombian sculptor Bursztyn’s kinetic sculptures, often made from scrap metal, are potent expressions of social and political commentary. Her works, which moved and made sounds, reflected the turbulent realities of her time.
  • Carlos Cairoli: A Uruguayan artist, Cairoli is known for his work in kinetic art and optical illusions. His work often uses light and movement to create immersive and interactive experiences.
  • Rafael Canogar: A Spanish painter and sculptor, Canogar’s work evolved from abstract expressionism to a more figurative style that often addressed social and political issues. It displays a powerful sense of texture and dramatic composition.
  • Miguel Chevalier: A pioneer in digital and virtual art, Chevalier creates immersive installations that explore the relationship between art, science, and technology. His work often incorporates generative algorithms and interactive elements.
  • Gianni Colombo: Italian kinetic and programmed art pioneer. Colombo’s work focused on the perception of space and movement. His installations and objects, often involving light and motion, create dynamic and disorienting visual experiences.
  • Bruce Conner is an American artist known for his experimental films, collages, and sculptures. His work is characterized by its eclectic use of found materials and its exploration of themes of mortality, media, and social commentary.
  • Constant: Dutch painter, sculptor, and urban theorist Constant’s “New Babylon” project envisioned a utopian society where art and play were integrated into everyday life. His work explores the relationship between art, architecture, and social transformation.
  • Waldemar Cordeiro: Brazilian artist Cordeiro was a pioneer of concrete art and cybernetic art in Brazil. He was an early proponent of using computers in art, exploring the relationship between technology and aesthetics.
  • Joseph Cornell: American artist Cornell’s delicate and enigmatic box constructions are miniature worlds filled with found objects and personal symbolism. His work evokes a sense of nostalgia, wonder, and mystery.
  • Braco Dimitrijević: Bosnian conceptual artist Dimitrijević’s work challenges the traditional notion of the art object and the artist’s role in society. For example, his “Casual Passer-By” series elevates ordinary individuals to the status of art.
  • Óscar Domínguez: Spanish surrealist painter, Domínguez’s work is characterized by its dreamlike imagery and exploration of the subconscious. He is known for his “decalcomania” technique, which creates abstract and organic patterns.
  • Max Ernst: A German painter, sculptor, and graphic artist, Ernst was a key figure in the Dada and Surrealist movements. His work is characterized by imaginative imagery, exploration of the subconscious, and use of unconventional techniques.
  • Stano Filko: Slovak conceptual artist Filko’s work explores themes of identity, spirituality, and the relationship between art and life. His installations and performances often incorporate personal symbols and autobiographical elements.
  • Lucio Fontana: Italian painter and sculptor Fontana is best known for his “slash” paintings, which challenged the traditional notion of the canvas as a flat surface. His work explores the relationship between space, light, and materiality.
  • Raimund Girke (1930–2002): A German painter known for exploring white as a primary medium, Girke’s work evolved from gestural abstraction to a minimalist approach emphasizing movement, rhythm, and optical depth. His monochromatic and textural canvases challenge viewers to engage with subtle light variations, reflecting a meditative, almost transcendental quality.
  • Jan Henderikse (b. 1937): A Dutch artist and founding member of the Nul movement, Henderikse’s work aligns with New Realism and Minimalism. It utilizes found objects, industrial materials, and repetition. His assemblages of bottle caps, license plates, and neon signs transform everyday detritus into compositions that critique consumer culture and the aesthetics of mass production.
  • Georges Hugnet (1906–1974): Hugnet was a French artist, poet, and surrealist known for his collage works, which played with eroticism, humor, and visual dislocation. His collaborations with figures like André Breton and Marcel Duchamp underscore his role in expanding the boundaries of visual poetry and Dadaist experimentation.
  • Paul Klee (1879–1940): A pioneering figure in modern art, Klee’s work straddles Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. Music, nature, and children’s art inspired his delicate compositions, abstract symbols, and vibrant color harmonies. A member of the Bauhaus movement, Klee’s innovative theories on form and color influenced generations of abstract painters.
  • Július Koller (1939–2007): A Slovak conceptual artist, Koller is best known for his anti-art interventions and U.F.O. (Universal Futurological Operations) series, which questioned the role of art in a totalitarian society. His text-based works, symbolic question marks, and performance-driven gestures made him a radical critic of institutional authority in the Eastern Bloc.
  • Attila Kovács (b. 1951): A Hungarian artist recognized for his geometric abstraction, Kovács explores the relationships between form, color, and space. His meticulous, methodical compositions often reference architectural structures, creating a dialogue between rigidity and optical dynamism.
  • Tadaaki Kuwayama (b. 1932): A Japanese Minimalist painter in New York, Kuwayama embodies Zen philosophy through its strict geometric precision and metallic color fields. Rejecting subjectivity, his work eliminates any trace of the artist’s hand, creating an impersonal yet meditative experience akin to pure perception.
  • Verena Loewensberg (1912–1986): A Swiss Concrete artist, Loewensberg was part of the Zürich school of Constructivism. She was known for her precise geometric compositions, which played with vibrant colors and spatial tension. Her work reflects a deep engagement with mathematical order and dynamic visual structures.
  • Lucia Di Luciano (b. 1933): An Italian Op and Concrete artist, Di Luciano was part of the GRAV (Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel) movement. Her work investigates the perceptual effects of color and form, creating optical interactions through systematic, modular patterns that resonate with programmed art aesthetics.
  • Robert Mallary (1917–1997): An American sculptor and early pioneer of computer-generated art, Mallary combined industrial materials, such as resin and sawdust, with algorithmic processes. His abstract, layered reliefs prefigured the digital age, emphasizing the fusion of technology and tactile materiality.
  • Aiko Miyawaki (1929–2014): A Japanese artist known for her sculptural explorations of space, Miyawaki created ethereal, metallic wire installations that appear weightless and interact with natural light and air. Her work bridges Minimalism and traditional Japanese aesthetics, offering ephemeral, almost poetic structures that challenge the permanence of form.
  • Vera Molnár (1924–2023): A pioneer in algorithmic art, Molnár was among the first artists to use computer programming in visual compositions. Her works explore permutations of geometric shapes, creating seemingly random yet precisely calculated arrangements that question the intersection of art, logic, and randomness.
  • François Morellet (1926–2016): A key figure in geometric abstraction and kinetic art, Morellet’s works use systematic grids, neon lights, and randomness to challenge conventional artistic authorship. His interactive, mathematical approach to art anticipated conceptual and generative design principles.
  • Marlow Moss (1889–1958): A British Constructivist and pioneer of Neo-Plasticism, Moss expanded on Mondrian’s theories of geometric abstraction, introducing the double line motif to disrupt compositional balance. Her work is a critical yet underrecognized contribution to De Stijl and the Constructivist movements.
  • Nadja (1902–?): A muse and a central figure in Surrealist mythology, Nadja was immortalized in André Breton’s eponymous novel (1928). Though not an artist, she embodied the Surrealist fascination with the subconscious, mystery, and feminine enigma, influencing the movement’s discourse on reality and illusion.
  • Man Ray (1890–1976): A seminal Dadaist and Surrealist, Man Ray revolutionized photography through his “Rayographs”—cameraless photographs that played with shadow and abstraction. His work across mediums—painting, film, and assemblage—pushed the boundaries of perception, chance, and unconscious symbolism.
  • Mira Schendel (1919–1988): A Brazilian artist known for her delicate, ethereal drawings and paintings, Schendel’s work engaged with language, texture, and existential inquiry. Her semi-transparent rice paper works, featuring fragile lines and letters, evoke a poetic minimalism that connects materiality with philosophical depth.
  • Kurt Seligmann (1900–1962): A Swiss Surrealist painter and engraver, Seligmann’s fantastical compositions fused baroque flourishes with mythological themes. His interest in alchemy, esotericism, and the grotesque made him a distinct yet underappreciated voice within the Surrealist movement.
  • Turi Simeti (1929–2021): An Italian Zero Group artist, Simeti is known for his monochromatic reliefs, particularly his oval-shaped cutouts that manipulate light and shadow. His minimalist approach emphasizes surface tension and spatial ambiguity, situating his work in dialogue with Lucio Fontana’s spatial investigations.
  • Julian Stanczak (1928–2017): Julian Stanczak was a Polish-born American painter and a central figure in the Op Art movement. His work is characterized by vibrant, meticulously calculated compositions that explore the perceptual effects of color and form. Stanczak’s paintings often create the illusion of movement, challenging the viewer’s visual perception. His use of color relationships and geometric precision reflects a deep understanding of optical phenomena, making his work scientifically intriguing and aesthetically captivating. Stanczak’s art transcends mere visual trickery, evoking a sense of harmony and rhythm that resonates emotionally with the viewer.
  • Klaus Staudt (1932–2021): Klaus Staudt was a German artist associated with concrete art and geometric abstraction. His work is defined by its rigorous adherence to mathematical principles and its exploration of spatial relationships. Staudt often employed grid structures and monochromatic palettes to create works emphasizing precision and clarity. His art is not about representation but the purity of form and the interplay of light and shadow. Staudt’s contributions to Concrete Art lie in his ability to transform cold, calculated geometries into meditative experiences.
  • Shinkichi Tajiri (1923–2009): Shinkichi Tajiri was a Japanese-American sculptor whose work spans many styles and materials, from abstract expressionism to kinetic art. Tajiri’s sculptures often incorporate elements of tension and movement, reflecting his interest in the dynamics of form and space. His “Warrior” series, for example, combines organic and mechanical elements, symbolizing the duality of human nature. Tajiri’s multicultural background and experiences during World War II profoundly influenced his work, infusing it with conflict, resilience, and identity themes. His art is a testament to the power of transformation and the fusion of Eastern and Western aesthetics.
  • Paul Thek (1933–1988): Paul Thek was an American artist whose work defies easy categorization, blending sculpture, painting, and installation elements. He is best known for his “Technological Reliquaries,” which critique the dehumanizing effects of modernity and technology. Thek’s use of unconventional materials, such as wax and latex, gives his work a visceral, almost corporeal quality. His art is deeply introspective, often exploring themes of mortality, spirituality, and the human condition. Thek’s influence on contemporary art lies in his willingness to confront the uncomfortable and reject artistic conventions.
  • Luis Tomasello (1915–2014): Luis Tomasello was an Argentine artist associated with the Kinetic Art movement. His work is characterized by its light, color, and three-dimensionality exploration. Tomasello’s “Atmosphères “chromo plastiques series features modular structures that create dynamic optical effects as the viewer moves around them. His use of reflective surfaces and geometric patterns transforms the viewer’s perception of space, making the artwork an interactive experience. Tomasello’s art celebrates light as a medium, bridging the gap between painting and sculpture.
  • Günther Uecker (b. 1930): Günther Uecker is a German artist best known for associating with the ZERO movement. His work often incorporates nails as a primary material, creating textured, monochromatic surfaces that play with light and shadow. Uecker’s art is deeply symbolic, with the nails representing destruction and renewal. His kinetic installations and light-based works further explore the interplay of movement and perception. Uecker’s art is a powerful commentary on the human experience, blending minimalism with profound emotional depth.
  • Gerhard von Graevenitz (1934–1983): Gerhard von Graevenitz was a German artist and a key figure in the Concrete and Kinetic Art movements. His work is characterized by its systematic approach and exploration of movement and perception. Von Graevenitz often used mechanical elements to create dynamic, interactive sculptures that challenge the viewer’s understanding of space and time. His art is a fusion of science and aesthetics, reflecting his belief in the transformative power of art. Von Graevenitz’s contributions to Kinetic Art lie in his ability to make the invisible forces of movement and light tangible.
  • Herbert Zangs (1924–2003): Herbert Zangs was a German artist known for his experimental approach to painting and sculpture. His work often involves “whitewashing,” where he covers objects or canvases in white paint, obscuring their original forms. Zangs’ art is deeply conceptual, exploring themes of reduction, transformation, and the passage of time. His use of white as a symbol of purity and renewal reflects his interest in the metaphysical aspects of art. Zangs’ work bridges Dadaism and Minimalism, challenging traditional notions of artistic expression.

These artists have made significant contributions to the art world, pushing the boundaries of their respective mediums and movements. Their work inspires and challenges viewers, offering new ways of seeing and understanding the world.

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